Common types of mental disorders include depressive disorder， anxiety， post-traumatic stress disorder， and schizophrenia. The pathogenesis of mental disorders has not yet been fully elucidated， but it is believed to be associated with abnormalities in neural circuits and imbalances in molecular mechanisms. The medial prefrontal cortex（ mPFC） is a key brain region that regulates emotions and cognition， divided into three major subregions： dorsomedial prefrontal cortex， anterior medial prefrontal cortex， and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These three major subregions collectively comprise four smaller subregions： anterior cingulate cortex， infralimbic cortex， prelimbic cortex， and dorsal peduncular cortex. In recent years， technologies such as optogenetics and chemogenetics have revealed functional differences among subregions of the mPFC in the regulation of mental disorders. To provide a theoretical foundation for precise intervention strategies specific to brain regions. This paper systematically reviews the regulatory mechanisms of the four smaller subregions in common mental disorders， so as to advance the development of targeted neuromodulation and personalized treatments.