Objective To investigate the current situation of neurosyphilis patients first-visiting in psychiatric clinic， and explore the outcome and prognosis of these patients. Methods Outpatients who had the positive result of RPR and were diagnosed as neurosyphilis were selected from January 2008 to December 2015. All patients were followed up in 3 months， 6 months and 12 months. Results In these 76 patients， 43 were male， 33 were female. Up to 12 months follow-up survey， 36 patients showed cognitive impairment， 18 showed manic or depressive states， 10 had hallucinations and delusions， 9 showed improvement， 2 were cured and one died. All 76 patients were treated with anti-psychotic drugs， antidepressants， antimanics or anti- anxiety drugs. 32 patients received anti-syphilis treatment， while 44 patients were not. So all patients were divided into anti-syphilis treatment group and non-anti-syphilis treatment group. MMSE scores of patients in two groups were not significantly different (P＞ 0.05). MMSE scores of patients in either group were significantly different in 12 months follow-up survey with that at baseline (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions The effect of antipsychotics treatment and anti-syphilis treatment for neurosyphilis patients are not significant. Neurosyphilis patients have cognitive impairment.