Objective To investigate the relationship between the mental state and sleep quality of community population in Beichen District of Tianjin City. Methods A total of 3 000 individuals aged over 18 from ten communities in Jixian street， Beichen District， Tianjin were selected by stratified random sampling method. The design of the questionnaire included the general information of the population， the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（ PSQI）， Self-rating Health Measurement Scale（ SRHMS）， Self-rating Depression Scale（ SDS）， Selfrating Anxiety Scale（ SAS）. It was defined as low sleep quality with PSQI score over 7. Results Totally 2 806 questionnaires were returned， and the response rate was 93.5%. The valid questionnaire was 2 764 after the incomplete questionnaire was removed. The subjects with normal sleep had a higher total score and factor scores of SRHMS than those with low sleep quality， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.01）. The score of SDS and SAS in the low sleep quality subjects were higher， and the inter-group differences were statistically significant（ P ＜ 0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that female（ OR=1.559，95%CI=1.164~2.088）， elder age（ OR=1.023， 95%CI=1.013~1.034）， increase of SAS score（ OR=1.077，95%CI=1.060~1.095） were the risk factors for low sleep quality. High scores of physical health（ OR=0.992，95%CI=0.984~1.000） and high social health score（ OR=0.979，95%CI=0.971~0.986） were the protective factors of low sleep quality in SRHMS. Conclusions The self-rated health status of low sleep quality community residents in Beichen District of Tianjin is low. Female， elder age and higher anxiety level may be the risk factors for low quality sleep.