Objective To explore the effects of tumor necrosis factor（ TNF）-α on proliferation and differentiation of human induced neural stem cells（ iNSCs） reprogrammed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods The human peripheral blood mononculear cells were reprogrammed to obtain iNSCs. Immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the proliferation of TNF-α and the direction of differentiation to neurons and oligodendrocytes. Results A low dose of TNF-αcan promote iNSCs proliferation and differentiate to a oligodendrocyte fate. High dose of TNF-αcan induced apoptosis of iNSCs. Conclusions Different dose of TNF-α has different effect on human iNSCs， which is important for human iNSCs application.