The myelin sheath is a layer of myelin membrane that is wrapped around the axons. It plays an important role in the rapid conduction of nerve electrical signals. The production of myelin is a complex dynamic process in which signals from axons and extracellular matrices participate and play a key role. Neuregulin 1（ NRG1） is a group of trophic factors. Studies have shown that axons and Schwann cells can secrete NRG1， and NRG1 plays an important role in the differentiation， proliferation， migration and myelination and repair of Schwann cells. However， the regulation of NRG1 with other signaling proteins involved in myelination （laminin-211， Maf， Gab1， E-cadherin） is not fully understood. This article is mainly to review this to further explain the molecular mechanism of myelination.