Objective To explore the clinical effect of computer-assisted cognitive training on language function and cognitive ability improvement of patients with aphasia after traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods A total of 80 patients with TBI with aphasia were selected as subjects from January 2013 to December 2017， and divided into trial group and control group by random number table method. The two groups were given conventional treatment and language therapy. Additionally， computer-assisted training was performed in the trial group at the same time. All the subjects were evaluated with Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment Battery（ LOTCA） and Clinical Rehabilitation Research Center Aphasia Examination （CR-RCAE） for their cognitive and language function after 2 months. Results After intervention， the LOTCA scores of orientation， perception， vision and thinking of the two groups were significantly improved， and the CR-RCAE scores of repetition， expression， reading aloud and naming were significantly improved， and the trial group was better than the control group， with statistical significance（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions Computerassisted cognitive training has enhancement effect on language function and cognitive ability improvement in patients with aphasia after TBI.