Objective To explore the relationship between childhood abuse and social support in depressed and non-depressed people. Methods In this study， non matched case-control study was used to study the subjects who met the inclusion criteria in Beijing Anding Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017. A total of 224 patients with depression and 214 patients without depression were enrolled. The basic information（ age， gender， marital status， education level， work status， smoking history and body mass index）， disease history and family history of mental illness were collected by questionnaire（ self-made）. The Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire（ CTQ-SF） was used to evaluate the menstrual status before the age of 16. Social support rating scale（ SSRS） was used to evaluate the social support of the subjects in their past life state， including three dimensions： objective support， subjective support and support utilization. Univariate analysis was used to compare the basic data， CTQ-SF and SSRS scores between depression patients and non depression patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of depression in adult patients. Results The number of depressive patients with childhood abuse（ 93 cases， 41.52%） was more than that of non depression patients（ 51 cases， 23.8%）， the difference was statistically significant（ χ2=15.51，P＜ 0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that childhood abuse was an important risk factor for adult depression（ OR=2.030， 95%CI：1.302-3.164）. The total score of social support （32.33±7.45）， subjective support［ 8（6，10）］， objective support［ 17（14，21） score］ and support utilization score ［6（5，8）］ of depression patients were lower than those of non depression group［ （36.79±6.24）， 9（7，11）， 20（17， 23）， 8（6，9）， respectively］， and the differences were statistically significant（ P＜ 0.01）. The scores of social support（ 30.41±7.99）， subjective support［ 7（5，9）］， objective support［ （16.57±4.78）］ in depression patients with childhood abuse were lower than those without childhood abuse［ （33.70±6.76）， 9（7，10），（18.53±4.35）］， and the differences were statistically significant（ P＜0.01）. In non depression patients， the score of subjective support of the patients with childhood abuse［ 8（6，10）］ was lower than that of the patients without childhood abuse［ 9（7，11）］， the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.01）. Conclusions Childhood abuse is an important risk factor affecting depression and social support in adulthood.