Objective To explore the chain mediating effect of social anxiety and regulatory emotional self-efficacy between perceived stress and mobile phone addiction in college students， so as to provide some basis for intervention of mobile phone dependence of college students. Methods A total of 1 000 college students from 3 universities in Heilongjiang Province were selected as subjects by convenience sampling method. The group test was carried out with the class as the unit by Chinese Perceived Stress Scale （CPSS）， the Interaction Anxiousness Scale （IAS）， the Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale （RES） and the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale （MPATS）. SPSS 23.0 and process v3.3 were used to test the mediating effect. Results A total of 1 000 questionnaires were sent out， and 963 valid data were recovered， with an effective recovery rate of 96.3%. The total score of CPSS was （38.58±7.10）， IAS （41.96±8.50）， ERS （43.60±6.67）， and MPATS （38.93±10.83）. Correlation analysis found that perceived stress， social anxiety， regulatory emotional self-efficacy and mobile phone dependence were significantly correlated with each other （P ＜ 0.01）. Chain mediating effect test found that perceived stress directly affected mobile phone dependence （P＜ 0.01）. At the same time， there are three indirect pathways： perceived stress affected mobile phone dependence through social anxiety and regulatory emotional self-efficacy （P ＜ 0.01）； secondly， partly through social anxiety； thirdly， partly through the mediating effect of regulatory emotional self-efficacy （P＜0.01）. Conclusions Social anxiety and regulatory emotional self-efficacy play a chain mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and mobile phone dependence of college students. In the process of education， students' perceived stress and social anxiety can be alleviated， and their regulatory emotional self-efficacy can be improved， so as to reduce their dependence on mobile phones.