Cellular senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain are early features of Alzheimer's disease （AD）， and this feature may precede β-amyloid deposition or tau phosphorylation. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） can alleviate cognitive dysfunction in AD patients by nourishing nerves， improving glucose metabolism in the brain， and resisting toxic effects of β-amyloid on neurons. This paper reviews the mechanism of VEGF in improving cognitive dysfunction in AD patients， so as to deepen clinical understanding of the disease and provide reference for exploring new therapeutic targets and methods.