Currently， the clinical specialties focused on neurological disorders have not fully met the demand for non-invasive detection methods with high sensitivity and specificity. Circulating cell-free DNA （cfDNA） is a biomarker with significant potential clinical value， as it carries extensive diagnostic and prognostic information， and has been widely applied in the field of neurology. However， the lack of standardized cfDNA analysis protocols among different research institutions has constrained its application in clinical practice. This review aims to systematically discuss the pre-analytical factors that influence cfDNA quality and yield， providing a reference for the specific application of cfDNA in clinical neurology