The pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still unclear. Studies have shown that the occurrence and progress of schizophrenia are related to abnormal brain and nervous system function. RELN encoded Reelin protein can participate in the occurrence and progress of schizophrenia by regulating the correct localization of neurons and synaptic plasticity through molecular signaling pathways. This paper reviews the structure and role of RELN gene and Reelin protein in the nervous system， as well as the relationship between RELN gene and schizophrenia， providing ideas for further research on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of schizophrenia.