Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with unknown etiology. The etiology of schizophrenia has always been a key research direction in psychiatry. Nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein （NOS1AP） is an adaptor protein that regulates neuronal function through the N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NMDAR / neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） pathway. In recent years， more and more evidence has shown that NOS1AP plays a certain role in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. This article reviews the correlation between NOS1AP and schizophrenia， as well as its mechanism in schizophrenia， in order to further explore the role of NOS1AP in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia and provide ideas for the treatment of schizophrenia patients.