Patients with Parkinson disease （PD） exhibit unique changes in the gut microbiota that hold promise as early biomarkers of the disease. These changes may be related to motor or non-motor symptoms and may provide novel interventions for PD beyond medications and deep brain electrical stimulation. This paper reviews the studies on the correlation between bacteria， fungi， archaea， viruses， and PD， and analyzes the current status and dilemmas， with a view to providing a reference for further research