Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（ rTMS） is a widely used non-invasive neuromodulation method for the treatment of depressive disorders. Ineffective rTMS imposes significant financial and psychological burdens on patients with depressive disorders， hence the urgent need for reliable predictive biomarkers to predict clinical efficacy. This paper summarizes and discusses the electrophysiological and imaging biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of rTMS for depressive disorders， aiming to provide theoretical support to guide clinical practice in the treatment of depressive disorders.