Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder characterized by high recurrence rates and significant disability， ranking among the world's most disabling mental illnesses. Conventional antidepressants take effect slowly and have a high rate of resistance to discontinuation. Theta-burst stimulation（ TBS） has emerged as a novel clinical treatment option for depressive disorder due to its advantages of "short duration and high efficacy". This paper systematically reviews clinical research advances on TBS and its sub-paradigms intermittent theta burst stimulation（ iTBS） and accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation（ aiTBS） in depressive disorder. The mechanisms of iTBS and aiTBS are elucidated from three aspects of synaptic plasticitybrain network remodeling-immune metabolic regulation. Potential optimization directions are proposed for the future， offering insights and references for acute intervention and prevention of patients with depressive disorder.