Skull defects compromise aesthetic appearance and may even hinder the recovery of neurological function in patients. Autologous skull is a commonly used material for cranioplasty， and the prerequisite for successful autologous cranioplasty is reliable preservation of the bone flap. When bone resorption and infection risks can be controlled， autologous skull demonstrates clear advantages. Currently， there are no unified standards or regulations for the preservation and use of autologous skull in China. Therefore， the Expert Consensus Collaborative Group for Autologous Cranioplasty organized experts with extensive clinical experience in autologous skull application to develop the Chinese expert consensus on autogenous cranioplasty （2026 edition） according to evidence-based medical evidence and clinical practice. This consensus presents 20 recommendations on the indications， surgical timing， preservation and treatment of autologous skull， surgical procedures， prevention and treatment of postoperative complications， and postoperative follow-up for autologous cranioplasty， guiding the selection and application of autologous cranioplasty strategies to meet patient needs and improve treatment outcomes.