Currently， depressive disorders among adolescents have become a major public health issue worldwide， with a continuously increasing prevalence and a high risk of self-injury and suicide， severely affecting adolescents' physical and mental development as well as their social functioning. The onset of depressive disorders in adolescents is closely linked to a variety of factors， including individual psychological characteristics， neurodevelopmental and biological abnormalities， family environment， and social factors. Its pathogenesis involves complex interactions among neurophysiological regulation， psychological and cognitive vulnerability， and environmental stressors. Psychotherapy， drug therapy， and collaborative interventions involving families， schools， and hospitals have become the primary treatment modes； however， clinical practice still faces challenges such as insufficient early identification， limited individualized treatment， and an inadequate long-term rehabilitation support system. This paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics， influencing factors， pathogenesis， treatment modes and clinical application issues of depressive disorders in adolescents， with the aim of providing guidance for the early prevention and control， standardized diagnosis and treatment， and the development of a comprehensive intervention system for depressive disorders in adolescents