Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder worldwide， and treatment with antiepileptic drugs（ AEDs） is currently the primary treatment method. However， approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy do not respond well to AEDs and develop drug-resistant epilepsy； a key reason for this is the insufficient penetration of AEDs across the blood-brain barrier（ BBB）. In recent years， the role of nanocarriers in the treatment of epilepsy has attracted increasing attention. Drug delivery systems based on nanocarriers not only prolong the circulation time of AEDs in the blood and improve their bioavailability， but also facilitate drug penetration across the BBB and enhance distribution in the target brain tissue. This paper reviews the structure and function of the BBB， and summarizes and prospects the application progress of nanocarriers in the treatment of epilepsy， thereby offering a novel strategy for the pharmacological treatment of epilepsy.