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Abstract:neuronal plasticity when exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress（ CUMS） in adulthood. Methods Litters were randomly assigned to four groups： SSM（ stress sensitive group： a daily 3-hour maternal separation + CUMS）， SRM（ stress resilient group： a daily 15-min maternal separation + CUMS）， CUMS（ only CUMS） and NCM（ normal control group）. On Day 4 of parturition， neonatal pups of SRM and SSM group were separated from their mothers for 1 week. Rats were tested in the open field and their immobility time in forced swimming test on PND56（ the 56th day of post natal）. The adult rats of SRM， SSM and CUMS group were exposed to CUMS for 4 weeks. Then the changes of behaviors were reevaluated， at the same time， immunohistochemistry （IHC） were applied to compare the expression of axonal growth and directional differentiation related protein GAP-43（ growth-associated-protein-43）. Results Compared with NCM group， SSM group showed decreased total distance（ F=8.466， P=0.001） and central distance（ F=4.631， P=0.018）， and increased forcing swimming time（ F=5.201， P=0.012）. While there was no statistical significance in the difference between SRM group and NCM group（ P＞ 0.05）. In the adulthood stimulation， CUMS group showed decreased total distance（ P=0.041） and central distance（ P ＜ 0.001） compared to NCM. SSM group showed decreased total distance（ F=8.868， P=0.010） and central distance（ F=13.175，P＜ 0.001） compared to the CUMS group. The expression of GAP-43 downregulated for SSM group and CUMS group compared to NCM group after exposed to CUMS（ F=9.756，P＜0.001）. Comapred SRM group with CUMS group， there was no statistical significance. Conclusions Early long time maternal deprivation leads adult rats more vulnerable to stress and downregulate the expression of GAP-43 suppressing neuronal plasticity.

Abstract:Objective To understand the psychosomatic health and quality of life in rural and urban one-child died persons. Methods A total of 841 one-child died persons who met the criteria in three districts of the main city of Chongqing were randomly selected and divided into urban group（ n=377） and rural group（ n=464）. A general questionnaire， 90 Symptom Check Lis（t SCL-90）， Self-rating Depression Scale（ SDS）， Social Support Rating Scale（ SSRS） and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF（ WHOQOL-BREF） were used to assess the physical and mental health and the quality of life. At the same time， all scales results were compared with control group of 674 non-lost cases. Results There were statistical differences among the urban one-child died group， the rural one-child died group and control group in the total score and element scores of SCL-90， SDS， SSRS and WHOQOL-BREF（ P ＜ 0.01）. Logistic regression showed that SCL-90 was the risk factor of depression， and social support was the protective factor of depression. Conclusions The physical and mental health of the one-child died persons are poor， and the quality of life declined， especially in the rural group. It is necessary to increase efforts to help rural one-child died persons and improve medical and aged security services.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive function in the urban population aged over 60 in Shijiazhuang， Hebei Province. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the elderly aged over 60 in the urban communities of Shijiazhuang selected by cluster randomized sampling method from 2010 to 2011. According to the total score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（ PSQI）， the elderly were divided into sleep disorder group and no sleep disorder group. According to the scores of the first and the second entry in the fifth self-assessment item， they were further divided into difficulty falling asleep group， easy to wake up or wake up early group and no sleep disorders group. The cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-mental State Examination（ MMSE） and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale（ MoCA）， and the relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive function was analyzed. Results There were a total of 103 cases completed and effective questionnaires. There were no significant differences in gender， age， marital status， living style and years of education between the two groups（ P＞ 0.05）. After 5 years of follow-up， the cognitive function of the sleep disorder group was significantly lower than that of the baseline data（ P＜ 0.05）. The decrease of cognitive function of the difficulty falling asleep group was significant compared with the other groups（ P＜0.05）. It showed no impact on cognitive function in the easy to wake up or wake up early group（ P＞ 0.05）. Conclusions Sleep disorder in the elderly， especially difficulty falling asleep， may be the influencing factor of cognitive function.

Abstract:Objective To explore the different long-term effects of infancy and childhood trauma on adult memory function. Methods A total of 1 542 workers of Kailuan Group born before and after the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 were investigated from January to December in 2014. All subjects were divided into four groups according to the birth date and the average score of childhood trauma questionnaire（ CTQ）： infancy exposure + CTQ high group， infancy exposure + CTQ low group， no exposure + CTQ high group， no exposure + CTQ low group. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test（ HVLT） and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test（ BVMT） were used to evaluate the verbal memory and spatial memory respectively for three times， and the total scores of three assessment results were recorded. Results There were statistically significant differences in age， gender and education level among the four groups（ Fage=470.094， Fgender=11.911， Fdegree of education=43.484， P ＜ 0.01）. The age of infant exposed group was greater than that of no exposure group. Male were more than female in the four groups， and the education level was mainly high school. There was no significant difference in marital status， smoking history， drinking history and family monthly income（ P ＞ 0.05）. In male participants， there were statistically significant differences in the scores of HVLT1-3， HVLT total score， BVMT1-3 and BVMT total score in male participants（ P＜0.05）， but no difference in above scores in female（ P＞0.05）. In addition to HVLT1， the other scores of infant expouse + CTQ high group were significantly lower than those of the no exposure + CTQ high group（ P＜0.05）. All scores of the no exposure + CTQ high group were lower than those ofthe no exposure + CTQ low group（ P＜0.05）. Only the score of HVLT3 in the infants exposure + CTQ high group was lower than that in the no exposure + CTQ high group（ P＜0.05） and BVMT3 score of infant exposure + CTQ low group was lower than that of no exposure + CTQ low group（ P＜ 0.05）. In female， there was no statistical significance in the differences of all scores（ P＞0.05）. In male participants with education level of junior high school and below， only the difference in score of HCLT2 was statistically significant（ P＜0.05）， and there was no statistical significance in other score of memory function among the 4 groups（ P＞0.05）. The differences in all scores of the participants with senior high school education background were statistically significant（ P＜0.05）， while there was no statistically significant difference in all scores mentioned above of participants with college degree and above among the four groups（ P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusions In male， infancy and childhood trauma can lead to impairment of verbal and spatial memory in adulthood， which caused by childhood trauma is more obvious. Accepting higher education may counteract the long-term effects of early trauma on memory.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the gender differences in negative symptoms and cognition of schizophrenia after high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（ rTMS）. Methods A total of 62 patients with chronic schizophrenia were assigned into sham rTMS group and rTMS group by random number table method. Patients in the rTMS group were stimulated with 10 Hz in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（ DLPFC） for four weeks， while a special coil without actual stimulation were applied to the patients in the sham rTMS group. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale（ PANSS） was used to assess patients’ psychotic symptoms. Brief Assessment of Cognitive in Schizophrenia（ BACS） was applied to evaluate patients’ cognitive function. Results After 4-week intervention， the negative symptoms of the rTMS was significantly improved after the treatment with gender differences， thus the improvement was more evident in female after treatment （P ＜ 0.05）. The result of BACS indicated that the scores of word fluency， symbol coding， digital sequencing， token motor task， verbal memory， tower of London and category fluency in the rTMS group were all higher than those of the sham rTMS group with statistical differences（ P＜0.05）， but without gender difference（ P＞0.05）. Conclusions Application of active 10 Hz rTMS to the DLPFC can improve the negative symptoms and cognition in patients with schizophrenia. There is a gender difference in improving negative symptoms， and it shows better effect in female.

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Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between the mental state and sleep quality of community population in Beichen District of Tianjin City. Methods A total of 3 000 individuals aged over 18 from ten communities in Jixian street， Beichen District， Tianjin were selected by stratified random sampling method. The design of the questionnaire included the general information of the population， the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（ PSQI）， Self-rating Health Measurement Scale（ SRHMS）， Self-rating Depression Scale（ SDS）， Selfrating Anxiety Scale（ SAS）. It was defined as low sleep quality with PSQI score over 7. Results Totally 2 806 questionnaires were returned， and the response rate was 93.5%. The valid questionnaire was 2 764 after the incomplete questionnaire was removed. The subjects with normal sleep had a higher total score and factor scores of SRHMS than those with low sleep quality， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.01）. The score of SDS and SAS in the low sleep quality subjects were higher， and the inter-group differences were statistically significant（ P ＜ 0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that female（ OR=1.559，95%CI=1.164~2.088）， elder age（ OR=1.023， 95%CI=1.013~1.034）， increase of SAS score（ OR=1.077，95%CI=1.060~1.095） were the risk factors for low sleep quality. High scores of physical health（ OR=0.992，95%CI=0.984~1.000） and high social health score（ OR=0.979，95%CI=0.971~0.986） were the protective factors of low sleep quality in SRHMS. Conclusions The self-rated health status of low sleep quality community residents in Beichen District of Tianjin is low. Female， elder age and higher anxiety level may be the risk factors for low quality sleep.

Abstract:Objective To understand the relationship between the psychological health status and life events in middle school students in Chongqing urban and rural development pilot areas. Methods A total of 951 middle school students in Chongqing urban and rural development experimental areas were extracted using stratified random chester sampling method. Symptom Checklist（ SCL-90） and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check-list（ ASLEC） were applied to evaluate the research objects’ psychological status and the difference among different genders and ages， so as to analysis the factors influencing the results of SCL-90. Results Totally 612 middle school students were detected positive， accounting for 64.30% of the whole estimated. Mental problems often arose in middle school students included compulsion， interpersonal sensitivity， depression， anxiety， hostility， paranoia and so on. Each factor score in SCL-90 of middle school girls were higher than those of boys （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with those who were less than 16 years old students， the scores of obsessive-compulsive， interpersonal sensitivity， depression and psychosis in SCL-90 in middle school students who were 16 years and older were higher， the difference was statistically significant（ P＜ 0.05）. Each factor score of ASLEC in SCL- 90 screening positive middle school students was higher than that in SCL-90 screening negative students， and the difference was significant（ P ＜ 0.01）. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the top two main factors affecting middle school students’ SCL-90 scores in urban and rural development experimental areas sorted by regression contribution were ASLEC total scores and ASLEC penalty scores. Conclusions Middle school students’ mental health status in Chongqing urban and rural development experimental areas cannot be ignored， and negative life events have a predictable impact on middle school students’ mental health status

Abstract:Objective To analyze the experience and elements of patients with convalescent schizophrenia who received supportive interventions. Methods Combining phenomenological method with individual interviews and observation methods， the research was conducted among 10 convalescent patients with schizophrenia who received supportive intervention in Chifeng City. Colaizzi analysis was adopted to analyze the rehabilitation experience and its elements of patients. Results The analysis proposed three functional elements： clinical outcomes（ the awareness of symptoms and medication compliance）， psychosocial outcomes（ family problems， personality traits and self-efficacy） and awareness of recurrence prevention. Conclusions The implementation of supportive intervention during the recovery period of schizophrenia is helpful to improve the rehabilitation experience of patients.

Abstract:Objective To understand the sleep status and its influencing factors， as well as the correlation between sleep and job burnout in psychiatric nurses. Methods A total of 200 psychiatric nurses were investigated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（ PSQI）， Epworth sleepiness scale（ESS） and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey（ MBI-GS）. Logistic regression analysis was adopted to determine the influencing factors of nurses’ sleep disorders. Results The total score of PSQI of the involved nurses was higher than normal population， and the difference was statistically significant（ P ＜ 0.05）， and 32.5% of nurses had sleep problems. ESS results showed that most nurses had lethargy. The total score of ESS was positively correlated with sleep quality， sleep disorders， daytime dysfunction and PSQI total score. There was no statistically significant difference in the total score of PSQI， ESS and MBI-GS between the two groups of night shift nurses and no night shift nurses in nearly one month（ P＜0.05）. The scores of the sleep quality， sleep time， hypnotic drugs， daytime dysfunction and the total score of PSQI were positively correlated with the score of emotional exhaustion and removal of personalization dimensions. However， there was no correlation between personal accomplishment and the total score， as well as the element scores of the PSQI. In addition， there was no correlation between job burnout scores and the total score of ESS. Logistic regression analysis showed that age and nursing age were the main risk factors affecting sleep of psychiatric nurses. The risk of sleep problems in nurses with intermediate professional titles was much lower than that of primary nurses. Conclusions Psychiatric nurses have sleep and sleepiness problems. The quality of sleep has significant interaction with job burnout. Sleep disorders not only affect physical and mental health， but also lead to the decreased quality of care. The main risk factors of affecting psychiatric nurses’ sleep are age and nursing age. Compared with the nurses with primary professional titles， the nurses with intermediate were less likely to have sleep problems.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influencing factors of residual symptoms after successful repositioning maneuvers in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo（ BPPV）. Methods The paper was a prospective study including 42 patients diagnosed with BPPV who were admitted to the dizziness outpatient department of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital. A variety of data were collected， including the general medical history of both onset and one week after successful repositioning maneuvers and the results of Dizziness Handicap Inventory （DHI）， Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale（ HADS） and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials（ o-VEMP）. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of residual symptoms after successful repositioning maneuvers. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the residual symptoms. Results A total of 41 patients completed the follow-up investigation， 12（29.3%） of which presented residual dizziness one week after successful repositioning maneuvers. The average age and duration of vertigo of the residual symptoms group were all higher than those of the non-residual symptoms group（ P＜0.05）. A significantly higher amplitude of o-VEMP was observed in patients with residual dizziness after successful repositioning maneuvers than those without（ P＜ 0.05）. Patients with residual dizziness presented a higher DHI-E（ Emotion） score and a higher HADS score than the patients in the non-residual symptoms group（ P＜0.01）. The Logistic regression analysis revealed that the emotional state during onset was an independent risk factor for residual dizziness after successful repositioning maneuvers（ P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The residual dizziness in BPPV is affected by various factors， with anxiety and depression being the major factors. Intervention of psychological state for BPPV patients during onset might prevent or alleviate the occurrence of residual dizziness.

Abstract:支持向量机是在统计学习理论基础上发展而来的一种新的可训练学习方法，它作为一种有 效的分类工具，被广泛应用于临床诊断、医学影像、信号识别、疾病亚型区分、预后判断、基因微阵列等 医学领域，并正在成为继神经网络之后新的研究热点，现对支持向量机在临床医学的应用进展进行综述， 并对其在临床医学领域未来的应用趋势进行展望。

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Abstract:脑和肠通过双向神经，内分泌和免疫通讯形成脑-肠轴，二者之间相互影响。肠道微生物 的种类、数量紊乱可以影响肠神经系统（ENS）和中枢神经系统（CNS），脑代谢性疾病及精神障碍也可导致 肠道微生态失衡，从而表明存在微生物-脑-肠轴。微生物-脑-肠轴的提出为研究及治疗中枢神经系 统疾病及功能性胃肠病打开了新的思路。