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Abstract:Objective　To study the molecular signaling pathway of aspirin in recurrent spontaneous seizures in epileptic rats. Methods　In 80 SD rats， 75 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups， the control group（ C group）； the epilepsy group（ S group）： epilepsy induced by pilocarpine； epilepsy + lentivirus transfection group（ ST group）： after hippocampal injection of shRNA lentiviral transfection［ silence phosphatidylinositol kinase（ PI3K） the subunit p85］； the epilepsy + aspirin group（ SA group）： intraperitoneal injection of aspirin 20 mg/kg； the epilepsy + rapamycin group（ SR group）： intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin 6 mg/kg. The remaining 5 rats were assigned to test group for validation of the lentivirus transfection. Two weeks after modeling， the frequency and time of seizures in rats， and the level of the hippocampal inner cyclooxygenase-2（ COX-2）， interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， p85 subunit of PI3K（ p85）， protein kinase B（ Akt）， ribosomal protein S6 kinase（ p70S6K） and microtubule associated protein 2（ MAP2） were tested. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of p70S6K in the hippocampus of rats in each group. Results　The time and frequency of seizures in S group were significantly higher than those of SA， SR and ST group（ P＜0.05）， and there was no significant difference among the three intervention groups（ P＞0.05）. The levels of COX-2， IL-1β， p85， Akt， p70S6K and MAP2 protein in S group were significantly higher than those of C group（ P＜0.05）， and the level of p85， Akt， p70S6K， MAP2 in ST and SR group were lower than those in the S group（ P＜0.05）. The level of COX-2， IL-1β， p85， Akt， p70S6K and MAP2 were significantly lower than that of S group（ P＜0.05）， and there was no significant difference of p85， Akt， p70S6K and MAP2 between SA and SR group（ P＞0.05）. Conclusions　Aspirin may treat recurrent spontaneous seizures in epileptic rats by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the expression of MAP2.

Abstract:Objective　To analyze the features of electroencephalography（ EEG） patterns in patients with refractory status epilepticus（RSE）. Methods　Sixty patients with Generalized convulsive status epilepticus（ GCSE） were divided into RSE group and non-RSE（ NRSE） group according to the effect of anti-epileptic drugs（ AEDs）. EEG data was compared between two groups. Results　In all patients， compared with NRSE group， patients in RSE group showed significantly higher proportion of persistent ictal activity in EEG（ OR=5.44， 95%CI=1.24-23.96，P=0.04）. In 50 patients with intermittent change of EEG， compared with NRSE group， patients in RSE group showed significantly higher proportion of periodic discharges and interictal epileptiform discharges（ OR=29.75，4.12； 95%CI=3.19-277.32， 1.09-15.58；P＜0.05）， and lower proportion of normalization after ictal（ OR=0.11，95%CI=0.01-0.91，P=0.04）. Conclusions　Attention should be paid to EEG patterns of persistent ictal activity， occurrence of periodic discharges and interictal epileptiform discharges for the treatment of GCSE.

Abstract:Objective　To investigate the effect of miR-92b on proliferation， migration and invasion of U251 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods　The differential expression of miRNA in glioma cell line U251 and human normal glial cell line HEB was screened by miRNA chip. miR-92b inhibitor was synthesized by chemical synthesis， the expression changes were verified by real-time PCR after transfection. Cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 assay after transfection. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detected cell migration and invasion ability after transfection. Western blot was performed to detected U251 cell proliferation and migration related protein β-catenin， E-cadherin and IGFBP 3. Luciferase assay was detected to confirm wheather IGFBP-3 was the target gene of miR-92b. Results　miRNA chip results showed that the level of miR-92b in U251 cell was significantly higher than that of HEB. Inhibited miR-92b significantly decreased U251 cell proliferation ability， migration and invasion（ P＜0.05）. Western blot results showed the expression of β-catenin was decreased（ P＜0.05） ， and the expression of E-cadherin was increased（ P＜0.05） after transfection miR-92b inhibitor. Luciferase assay showed that miR-92b could directly regulate IGFBP-3. Conclusions　The expression of miR-92b in U251 cell was increased significantly. It may inhibit the U251 cell proliferation and migration through up-regulation the expression of IGFBP-3 protein.

Abstract:Objective　To assess the effects of insulin resistance and secretion levels on the cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia， and to explore the correlation between the insulin resistance and secretion level and the clinical symptoms. Methods　Totals of 193 inpatients with schizophrenia（ 113 males， 80 females） were enrolled， including 68 patients with insulin resistance and 125 patients without insulin resistance， while 78 patients with normal pancreas islet cell function and 115 patients with reduced pancreas islet cell function. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessmental of Neuropsychological Status（ RBANS） and the Stroop Colour Word Test（ SCWT） were used to assess the patients’ cognitive function. And the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale（ PANSS） was used to assess the patients’ psychotic symptoms. The insulin and fasting blood-glucose levels were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay and automatic biochemical analyzer. Results　The insulin resistance group had fewer errors in the card 1 and 2 of SCWT and higher scores in digit span and list recognition of RBANS compared with non-insulin resistance group（ P ＜ 0.05）. The normal pancreas islet cell function group had less errors and time in the card 1 and 2 of SCWT and higher scores in figure copy， line orientation， digit span， coding test， attention score， story recalled score compared with abnormal pancreas islet cell function group（ P＜0.05）. A negative correlation was found between the insulin resistance index and the PANSS scores（ r=-0.139，P＜0.05）. No correlation was found between the pancreas islet cell function and the clinical symptoms. Conclusions　The insulin resistance group may have better cognitive function compared with the non-insulin resistance group. The normal pancreas islet cell function group has better cognitive function compared with the reduced pancreas islet cell function group. A negative correlation was found between the insulin resistance index and the PANSS scores.

Abstract:Objective　To explore the admission style of psychotic patients in psychiatric hospital after Mental Health Law issued. Methods　Totals of 313 psychotic inpatients in Chongqing Mental Health Center from May 1， 2013 to April 30， 2016 were assessed by self-made questionnaire. Results　In all patients， 128 （40.9%） were voluntary admission， while 185 were involuntary admission（ 59.1%）. Clinical diagnosis， insight and attitudes toward treatment were statistically significant between two groups（ P＜0.01）. Proportion of severe mental disorders were significantly higher in involuntary admission group（ P＜0.01）. Logistic regression showed that treatment attitude（ OR=3.213，95%CI=1.657-6.300，P＜0.01） was influencing factor of involuntary hospitalization. Conclusions　Involuntary hospitalization is the major admission style of psychotic patients after Mental Health Law issued. Treatment attitude may have an impact on it.

Abstract:Objective　To investigate the status and risk factors of comorbid hypertension in patients with mental disorders. Methods　Retrospective analysis of hospitalized patients with mental disorders in Department of Mental Health， the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University was conducted. Self-made scale was used to survey the status of comorbid hypertension in patients with mental disorders. Risk factors of comorbid hypertension in patients with mental disorders were analyzed. Results　（1） In 2 770 patients， 1 234（ 44.5%） were male， and 1 536（ 55.5%） were female. Comorbid hypertension was found in 528（ 19.1%） patients.（ 2） The rate of comorbid hypertension was 10.6% in schizophrenia group， 10.7% in bipolar disorder group， 24.7% in depression group， 29.0% in anxiety disorder group， 20.0% in stress disorder group， 41.8% in organic psychosis group and 19.8% in other diseases group. Significant difference was found among all groups（ χ2=124.90，P＜0.01）.（ 3） Old age， long course of mental disorders and sufferring from organic psydosis were risk factors of comorbid hypertension in patients with mental disorders. Conclusions　The rate of comorbid hypertension in hospitalized patients with mental disorders in general hospital is 19.1%. The rate of comorbid hypertension is highest in patients with organic psychosis， while lowest in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Abstract:Objective　To explore the feasibility processize strategy on clinical diagnosis of patients with meningeal carcinomatosis. Methods　The clinical data of five patients with pathologically confirmed meningeal carcinomatosis in were rerospectively analyzed. And the development of meningeal carcinomatosis were reviewed. Results　Five patients developed acute or subacute onset with or without tumor history. Clinical symptoms and signs were examined on meningeal nerve axis lesions， including the different degree of intracranial hypertension symptoms， signs of cranial nerve and spinal nerve damaged， and meningeal irritation signs. High pressure， biochemical data changes， and adenocarcinoma cells were found in CSF. The tumor marker CEA was high in all five cases. The multiple strip and nodositas intensified foci located in the meninges were displayed in MRI of one patient. Conclusions　Symptoms and signs of meningeal nerve axis lesions are the basis of MC topical diagnosis. Finding tumor cells in the CSF with standardized test methods is an important way for pathological diagnosis of MC.

Abstract:Objective　To investigate the prolongation and related factors of antipsychotic drugs on QTc interval in first-episode mental disorders. Methods　A retrospective study of 309 first-episode patients with mental disorders treated with one month stable dosage of antipsychotics was conducted. The demographic data， the electrocardiograms（ECG） data， fasting blood glucose， blood pressure， blood lipids and other biochemical indicators were collected， and the prolonged QTc interval and its related factors were analyzed with QTc ≥440 ms as the standard of QTc prolongation. Results　The incidence of QTc interval prolongation was 10.6%. The mean value of QTc interval in the drug treatment group was higher than the baseline period， with statistical difference （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in QTc interval either in the drug combined electroconvulsive therapy group or drug combined electroencephalography treatment group compared with the baseline period（ P＞0.05）. Also there was no significant difference in QTc interval between the single antipsychotic group and the baseline （P＞0.05）. The mean value of QTc interval either in the combination of antipsychotics or antipsychotics combined with antidepressants/mood stabilizers was higher than baseline， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. There was significant difference in the QTc interval between the antipsychotic equivalent chlorpromazine dose（ ＜1 000 mg/d） group and the baseline period（ P＜0.05）. There was no correlation between antipsychotic dosage and QTc interval. The gender of female were a risk factor of QTc prolongation（ OR=3.26，95%CI=1.050-10.094）， and other factors were not included in the regression equation. Conclusions　There is a gender difference in the QTc interval prolongation during antipsychotic treatment for first-episode mental disorders， and the risk of QTc prolongation in female is 3.26 times greater than male that in. The prolongation of the QTc interval of drug combination does not reach the abnormal value. There is no correlation between antipsychotic dosage and QTc interval. In addition to gender factors， other parameters are not the risk factors of QTc prolongation.

Abstract:Objective　To explore the relationship between the changes of sex hormone level before and after treatment and the treatment effect in depression patients. Methods　A total of 60 patients with depression were selected into the observation group， and 60 healthy volunteers who had physical examination in our hospital were recruited into the control group. The serum estradiol， progesterone， testosterone levels of patients were monitored before and after treatment， at the same time， the depression patients were assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale（ HAMD）， and the correlation between depression and sex hormone levels was analyzed. Results　Before the treatment， the serum estradiol levels of male and female patients in the depression group were both lower than that in control group， and the progesterone and testosterone levels in men were lower than in the control group， with statistical difference（ P＜0.05）. On the contrary， there was no significant difference of female progesterone and testosterone levels between the observation group and the control group（ P＞0.05）. The serum estradiol of male and female patients and the testosterone of male patients were all higher after the treatment， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. The progesterone levels of both genders and female testosterone showed no statistical difference after the treatment（ P＞0.05）. There was no statistical difference of progesterone and testosterone of both genders after treatement between the two groups（ P＞0.05）. The serum estradiol of female patients had no difference between the two groups after treatment（ P＞0.05）， while the serum estradiol of male patients in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group after the treatment（ P＜0.05）. HAMD reduction rate was positively related to the serum estradiol level（ r=0.561， P=0.007）， and had no correlation with serum progesterone and testosterone（ P＞0.05）. Conclusions　There is a negative correlation between serum estradiol level of depression patients and the depression. The changes of testosterone level may simply be a risk factor for male patients with depression.

Abstract:Objective　To investigate the protective effect of H2S on neurological function in rats with acute cerebral infarction and the possible mechanism. Methods　Totals of 48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， saline group and H2S intervention group. The model of rat acute cerebral infarction was established by modified Longa method. 25 min before modeling， rats in the H2S intervention group were given intraperitoneal injection of NaHS 28 μmol/kg， while in the saline group were given the same amount of saline. After awakening and 72 h after operation， the neurological defects in rats of each group were evaluated. TTC staining was used to detect the cerebral infarct size in each group. TUNEL method was used to detect the cell apoptosis in brain tissue in each group. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of PI3K， p-PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the brain tissue. Results　Compared with the model group and the saline group， the neurological defect score， the area of cerebral infarction and the apoptotic index in brain tissue in H2S intervention group were decreased， the differences were statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group and the saline group， the relative expression levels of PI3K， Akt and Bcl-2 proteins in brain tissue in H2S intervention group were increased， while the relative expression levels of p-PI3K， p-Akt and Bax proteins were decreased， the differences were statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions　H2S might change the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reduce cerebral infarct size and apoptosis index and protect neurological function in rats with acute cerebral infarction.

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Abstract:轻度认知障碍是老年人跌倒的高危因素之一，其主要表现在患者的记忆力、注意力、运动及执行功能和日常生活能力的下降，从而显著增加患者跌倒的风险。而通过早期的康复干预可以减缓甚至是逆转轻度认知障碍的恶化，其可能成为轻度认知障碍老年患者预防跌倒有效的干预措施。

Abstract:精神分裂症是重性精神疾病之一，临床症状表现为阳性症状、阴性症状、认知症状、攻击敌意和焦虑、抑郁，其中认知症状被认为是疾病的原发性损害，影响患者社会功能的恢复，目前此症状发生的机制不清，研究范围涉及各种神经递质、激素、免疫等方面，现就神经递质多巴胺的受体在精神分裂症 认知受损中的作用研究进展进行简要综述，供临床参考。

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Abstract:激素自20世纪50年代开始用于治疗格林-巴利综合征（Guillain-Barre Syndrome，GBS），但至今其临床疗效仍不明确。70年代后进行的多数临床随机对照试验都没有发现激素和对症支持治疗有显著差别，但其中两个样本量最大的试验在调整影响偏倚的因素后再重新分析，则显示静点甲强龙优于对症治疗或者其与静脉注射免疫球蛋白联合治疗会显现更好的疗效。目前仍没有十分有力的证据证明或否定大剂量甲强龙的疗效，激素治疗GBS还有很多问题需要继续研究。

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