Abstract:Objective To explore the social function difference and influence factors of the only child and non-only child depression patients in youth. Methods The general demographic profile of 82 patients who met the criteria of depressive episode of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders（ DSM-Ⅳ） were collected. Hamilton Depression Scale（ HAMD-17）， Social Disability Screening Schedule（ SDSS）， Family Burden Scale-Disease（ FBSD） and a self-designed questionnaire were applied in the investigation. Results The scores of non-only child group in total social function defect， parent function and too little activity in the family were （11.06±4.04）， 0.00（0.00，2.00） and 1.00（1.00，2.00）， which were all higher than those of the only child group， and the differences were statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that father's education level， whether have child， family structure， health of family members may be the main influencing factors of social function. Conclusions The social function impairment in non-only child patients with depressive disorder may be more severe than only child patients. Father's education level， whether have child， family structure， health of family members may be the main influencing factors of social function.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship among burden， coping style and social support in caregivers of Alzheimer disease patients. Methods A total of 84 patients with Alzheimer disease of the outpatients department of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from May 2015 to September 2017 were selected. According to the situation of caregivers， all the subjects were divided into hospitalization group（ n=28）， family group（ n=35）， and institutional group（ n=21）. Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview（ ZBI）， Social Support Rating Scale（ SSRS） and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire（ TCSQ） were used to investigate and compare the burden， social support and coping style in caregivers. Results The total score of ZBI， scores of personal burden， responsibility burden， negative coping style and the total score of SSRS in the family group were significantly higher than those in the hospitalization group and the institutional group. The score of positive coping style in the institutional group was higher than that in the family group and hospitalization group， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. The ZBI total score， individual burden， responsibility burden were positively correlated with positive coping style（ r=0.85，0.86，0.82； P＜ 0.05）， and were negatively correlated with negative coping style（ r=-0.30，-0.29，-0.28；P＜ 0.05） and SSRS score（ r=-0.31，-0.27，-0.29；P＜0.05）. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that negative coping， positive coping and total SSRS scores could explain 44.9% of the variation in total burden of caregivers.Conclusions The caregiver burden of Alzheimer disease patient is positively correlated with negative coping style， and positively correlated with positive coping style and social support.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of early maternal separation on the cognitive function in adult male rats， and the involvement of inflammatory factors in hippocampus， to reveal the mechanistic role of early life stress in neuronal plasticity. Methods New born SD rats were randomly divided into maternal separation（ MS） group and control（ NMS） group. Maternal separation was carried out from Day 3 to Day 22，3 hours per day in MS group. There was no treatment in the NMS group. At the age of 10 weeks， Morris Water Maze was chosen to compare the behavioral deficits in adulthood between each group. NeuN immunofluorescent was used to calculate the normal neurons amounts in Dentate Gyrus（ DG） rejion. GFAP/Iba-1 immunofluorescent was applied compare the amounts of astrocytes and microglias. Ki67/DCX immunofluorescent was select to observe the proliferation and differentiation of neurons in Dentate Gyrus， Western Blot was performed to detect the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α. Results Morris Water Maze findings showed that MS group rats had learning and memory declines， reflected by longer escape latency， less time in objective quadrant and fewer cross objective times （P＜ 0.05） relative to NMS group rats. There was no significant change in the number of normal and degenerated neurons in DG region of hippocampus（ P＞0.05）. However， the number of astrocytes and microglias increased （P＜0.01）. The expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in hippocampus increased（ P＜0.01）， while the expression of IL-6 did not change significantly（ P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusions Repeated early life maternal separation could induce neuroinflammatory response in rat hippocampus. The increased the number of astrocytes and microglia and the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus lead to cognitive changes in adult rats.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the comorbidity of Tourette syndrome（ TS）. Methods From June 2013 to May 2015， all TS patients of Beijing Anding Hospital were recruited. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the TS patients and their parents. The clinician surveyed the patient for general demographic information， TS prevalence and treatment status， and conducted a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents（ MINI-Kid） for evaluation. Results A total of 414 patients were included in the analysis. After MINI-Kid re-diagnosis， the prevalence rate was 91.30%（378/414）， while the clinical diagnosis of comorbidity was only 10.39%（43/414）. After MINI re-diagnosis， it was found that TS had the largest number of patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder（ ADHD）， a total of 308 cases， accounting for 74.40% of the total number. Followed by major depressive disorder. The treatment rate of TS comorbidity was low in clinical practice. The highest treatment rate for TS comorbidity was obsessive-compulsive symptoms， which is only 22.20%（ 16/27）， following ADHD 10.06%（ 31/308）， manic episodes 9.76%（ 8/82）， and major depressive episodes 3.98%（ 8/201）. Conclusions The clinical recognition rate of TS comorbidity is low and the treatment rate is low.

Abstract:Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of normobaric oxygen therapy（ NBOT） in acute stroke by means of a systemically assess. Methods Randomized controlled trials（ RCTs） about normobaric oxygen therapy in acute stroke were searched from CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， CBM， Medline， EMBASE， Cochrane Library and other database in Chinese and English， and the time limitation was from the inception to May 1st， 2018. Two reviewers independently screened the quality of literature by Modified Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Results A total of four studies included 8 905 stroke patients（ 5 808 patients in the trial group and 3 097 in the control group） were eligible and abstracted. Pooled analysis demonstrated that normobaric oxygen therapy in acute stroke was not associated with favorable functional outcomes（ modified Ranking Scale： 0-2）（RR=0.98， 95%CI=0.94-1.03，P=0.46）. With respect to safety outcomes， normobaric oxygen therapy in acute stroke was not associated with the risk of death（ RR=1.03，95%CI=0.91-1.16，P=0.67）. Conclusions This systemically assess does not support the NBOT improve long time outcome of the patients with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. However， the possible benefits of earlier time window NBOT cannot be ruled out.

Abstract:Objective This study was to investigate the role and potential molecular mechanism of ethyl pyruvate（ EP） on the damage of nervous function induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion（ MCAO）. Methods A total of 40 male sprague-dawley rats were randomly and averagely divided into 4 groups： sham operation group（ Sham）， middle cerebral artery occlusion group（ MCAO）， middle cerebral artery occlusion + 5 mg/kg EP group（ MCAO+5EP）， middle cerebral artery occlusion + 10 mg/kg EP group（ MCAO+10EP）. Nerve injury and repairment in rats were measured by nerve injury severity score（ mNSS） and rotation test. Expressions of brain derivied neurotrophic factor（ BDNF） and neuron grouthfactor (NGF)， Notch1 and Nuclear factor-kappa B（ NF-κB） signals were tested by Real-time quantitative PCR. Results Compared with MCAO group， EP with two dosages all significantly reduced mNSS score（ all P＜0.05）， increased the duration of rats in 15 rpm rotating shaft（ all P ＜ 0.05）， up-regulated the expressions of BDNF and NGF mRNA（ all P ＜ 0.05）， down-regulated the expressions of Notch1 and NF-κB mRNA（ all P＜ 0.05）. The effectiveness with 10 mg/kg EP was better. Conclusions 10 mg/kg EP has better neuroprotective effects on nerve protection， and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of Notch1 and NF-κB signals.

Abstract:Objective To explore the incidence of post-stroke fatigue and the related psychosocial factors， so as to lay a theoretical foundation for its prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 408 patients with stroke were investigated and analyzed by using the General Questionnaire， Fatigue Severity Scale （FSS）， Self-rating Depression Scale（ SDS）， Mini-Mental State Examination（ MMSE）， Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（ SCSQ）， Family Care Index Together（ APGAR） and Social Support Revalued Scale（ SSRS）. Results The incidence of post-stroke fatigue among the 408 stroke patients was 64.5%. Single factor analysis showed that age， marital status， education， family function， depression， cognitive function， coping style and social support were related to post-stroke fatigue（ P ＜ 0.05）. Multiple factors regression analysis showed that family function（ OR=3.205，P=0.027）， depression（OR=0.200，P=0.001）， negative coping（ OR=0.106，P=0.006） and objective support（ OR=2.312，P=0.003） were predictors of post-stroke fatigue with statistical significance. Conclusions The incidence of post-stroke fatigue is high， good family function and more objective support can be used as protective factors for post-stroke fatigue. Depression and negative coping were risk factors for poststroke fatigue

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of risperidone combined with lamotrigine in the treatment of the symptoms of auditory hallucination in patients with the abuse of amphetamine. Methods A total of 108 cases of amphetamine abuse patients with auditory hallucination as the main symptom were divided into study group（ 54 cases） and control group（ 54 cases） randomly. The study group was treated with risperidone combined with lamotrigine， while the control group was treated with risperidone only for 8 weeks. Efficacy and adverse reactions were assessed using the Positive Symptom Scale（ SAPS） hallucination subscale， the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale（ BPRS， 18 items） and the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale（ TESS）. The evaluation time was before treatment（ baseline） and the 4th or 8th week after treatment. Results The total score of SAPS hallucination in the study group at the 4th and 8th week after treatment were（ 9.35±2.16） and（ 1.80±1.02）， which were significantly lower than those in the control group（ 10.82±3.74） and（ 2.96±2.53）， and the group main effect was significant（ F=996.98，P ＜ 0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of akathisia， lactation or irregular menstruation between the two groups. Conclusions Risperidone combined with lamotrigine can significantly improve the auditory hallucinatory symptoms in patients with amphetamine abuse.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of“ Tiangui No. 1” on the compliance of female schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone. Methods A total of 100 female patients treated in the outpatient department of Hengshui Psychiatric Hospital were recruited during January 2017 to February 2018. All the research subjects were randomly assigned into research group（ n=51） and control group（ n=49）. Patients in the research group were treated with "Tiangui No. 1" combined with risperdone， while the patients in the control group were prescribed with risperidone alone for four sessions with 14 days a session. The severity of disease， adverse drug reactions（ Prolactin， weight， nausea， abdominal distension， rash， etc.）， overall quality of life， treatment satisfaction and medication compliance were evaluated at 8th week and 6th month. Results Prolctin and weight of the research group after intervention were lower than those of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜ 0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the severity of disease， adverse drug reactions（ nausea， abdominal distension and rash）（ P＞ 0.05）. The overall quality of life， treatment satisfaction and medication compliance of the research group were higher than those of the control group after treatment， and the differences were statistically significant（ P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions "Tiangui No. 1" can significantly reduce prolactin levels caused by antipsychotic drugs， improve menstrual disorders， reduce weight gain， improve quality of life， increase drug treatment satisfaction， thereby improving patients' treatment compliance.

Abstract:S100B protein is one of the large superfamily members of S100 protein， which is mainly expressed by astrocytes in the brain. During the development of the central nervous system， S100B plays a variety of roles as a neurotrophic factor and a neurosurvival protein. Clinically， S100B is usually upregulated in the pathologic process of cerebrovascular disease. As a biomarker of cerebrovascular diseases， S100B has been widely studied. This article reviews the pathogenesis， diagnosis， differential diagnosis and prognosis of S100B and cerebrovascular diseases.

Abstract:Alzheimer disease（ AD） is the most common type of dementia， and its pathogenesis is complex and has not been completely clear to date. Studies have shown that a large number of abnormalities in the structure and function of brain microvasculature are associated with AD lesions， suggesting that the changes of brain microvasculature may be involved in the occurrence and development of AD. This article reviews the microvascular changes of AD and its effect on the treatment.

Abstract:Childhood trauma refers to the sexual， physical or emotional neglect or abuse suffered by individuals during childhood， which may be one of the important factors for the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This article reviews the concept and common assessment tools of childhood trauma， and the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and childhood trauma.

Abstract:In China， the demand for social work in mental health care institutions has increased with the development of mental illness. Some mental health care institutions have set up social work departments and allocated professionals. Studies have shown that it is essential to clarify the role of social workers in mental health care institutions. Therefore， this paper reviews the research on social workers' functions in mental health institutions in China and abroad， and concludes that the main functions are prevention， psychosocial assessment， psychological support， crisis intervention and social resources seeking. This review provides reference for social work managers and clinical social workers in the field of mental health in China.

Abstract:Precision medicine is one of the new trends in the field of biomedical treatment of depression. This article reviews the recent progress of precision medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of depression from the perspective of improving the diagnostic classification， exploring the predictors of treatment outcome and applying the medical big data， and discusses the problem it meets in clinical practice.

Abstract:Progressive cerebral infarction is a difficult problem in clinical work. In recent years， the cause of the progression of acute cerebral infarction and related laboratory indicators have attracted wide attention. Relative dehydration may increase the risk of neurological deterioration in acute ischemic cerebral infarction. This article reviews the mechanism of relative dehydration and laboratory indicators that can represent relative dehydration to explore the effect of dehydration on progressive cerebral infarction， in order to provide more clinical evidence for the early prediction of progressive cerebral infarction.