Abstract:Patients with schizophrenia often show excess mortality and shortened life expectancy compared to the general population. There are various similarities and differences in the deaths of patients in different countries and regions. The causes of death in schizophrenia involve physical， psychological and social factors. Among them， physical factors are the most significant cause of death. Psychological factors can lead to suicidal behavior and social factors make it difficult for patients to get adequate treatment. This article summarizes the mortality and causes of death in patients with schizophrenia through a review of existing literature at home and abroad.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adults after stress in fetuses and infants， and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study， recruited a total of 1 260 cases of the demographic characteristics from Kailuan Mining Group. According to the date of birth， there were 372 cases of infancy exposure group， 382 cases of fetal exposure group and 506 cases of unexposed group. The biochemical indexes of blood（ FBG）， triglyceride（ TG）， cholesterol（ TC）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol（ HDL-C） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol（ LDL-C） were evaluated. Results The rate of the prevalence of high TC hyperlipidemia and mixed hyperlipidemia in infant exposure group was higher than that of fetal exposure group（ 18.8% vs 11.3%，13.4% vs 6.8%，P＜0.05）； the prevalence of dyslipidemia in infants exposure group was higher than that of unexposed group（ 40.0% vs 27.7%，P＜0.05）. Single factor analysis of drinking， body mass index， and earthquake stress group were related factors of dyslipidemia （χ2=4.432，6.612，7.690；P ＜ 0.05）. The unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of dyslipidemia was 1.590 times as high as that of non drinkers（ OR=1.590， 95%CI=1.102-2.294）. The risk of dyslipidemia in infant exposure group was 1.723 times higher than that in the unexposed group（ OR=1.723， 95%CI=1.147-2.589）. The BMI wasting type was more protective than the overweight / obese type（ OR=0.280， 95%CI=0.080-0.972）. Conclusions The prevalence of high TC， mixed hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia is higher in infants exposure group. Low body weight is a protective factor for dyslipidemia. Alcohol consumption and infant exposure are risk factors of dyslipidemia.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the correlation between aggressive behavior and executive function in patients with bipolar mania. Methods From June 2016 to February 2019， a total of 164 patients with bipolar mania from Shandong Mental Health Center were evaluated for the aggressive behavior by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale（ MOAS）. The patients with MOAS score equal and over 5 was divided into aggression group and less than 5 into non-aggression group. The executive function of the subjects was evaluated by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test（ WCST）， and the clinical symptoms of the subjects were evaluated by Bech- Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale（ BRMS）. Results The total score of BRMS（ 25.78±4.32） in the aggression group was higher than that in the non-aggression group（ 24.69±4.29）（ P＜0.05）， and the correct number（ 42.52±7.23） and the classification of WCST（ 7.61±3.48） in the aggression group were lower than those in the non-aggression group［ （44.29±9.14），（8.06±2.12）］. The number of errors（ 43.03±8.43）， perseverative errors（ 29.08±5.55） and non-perseverative errors（ 26.84±5.78） in the aggression group were higher than those in the non-aggression group［ （41.32±8.18），（28.58±7.22），（25.03±5.80）］（P ＜ 0.05）. The MOAS score of bipolar manic patients was positively correlated with the number of WCST errors， perseverative errors and non-perseverative errors （P＜0.05）， however negatively correlated with the number of classifications（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions There is a correlation between aggressive behavior and executive function in patients with bipolar mania， and the impairment of executive function may be related to the mechanism of the aggressive behaviors with bipolar mania.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the effects of computerized cognitive remediation therapy combined with social skills training on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients. Methods From January to December 2017， totally 168 patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly divided into the intervention group（ 82 patients enrolled， 79 patients retained） and the control group（ 86 patients enrolled， 84 patients retained）. They received a 12-week computerized cognitive remediation therapy combined with social skills training and only computer cognitive remediation therapy， respectively. They were followed up for 12 months. The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale（ PANSS）， the Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery（ MCCB）， and the Personal and Social Performance Scale（ PSP） were evaluated at baseline， at the end of 12 weeks， and at the end of 12 months. Results （1） At the end of the 12-week treatment， the cognitive factor scores of the PANSS scale in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group（ t=-4.22， P＜0.001）. The negative factor scores and cognitive factor scores in the intervention group at the end of 12 months were significantly lower than the control group（ t=-2.36，P=0.020；t=-5.91，P＜0.001）. At the end of 12 months， the PANSS total score of the intervention group was significantly different from the baseline（ t=3.41，P＜0.001）， but there was no significant difference compared with the control group（ t=1.57， P=0.119）.（ 2） There were significant differences in PSP total score， total neurocognitive function score and social cognition score between the intervention group and the control group at the end of 12 months（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions Computerized cognitive remediation therapy combined with social skills training can significantly improve the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia， thus effectively promoting the recovery of social function.

Abstract:Objectives To explore the effect of the home-based rehabilitation model in improving the family burden of patients with high- and low-function early-onset schizophrenia. Methods A total of 98 patients with early-onset schizophrenia（ EOS） who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018 were enrolled. According to the results of the admission examination， patients were divided into groups of high-function EOS（ 52 patients） and low-function EOS （46 patients）. The high-function EOS group was further divided into two groups（ Observation Group 1 and Control Group 1） according to the random number table method， with 26 patients in each group respectively. The low-function EOS group was also further divided into two groups（ Observation Group 2 and Control Group 2） according to the random number table method， with 23 patients in each group respectively. The patients in the two observation groups were treated with home-based rehabilitation mode. The two control groups underwent routine nursing intervention. The patients' family burden， self-care ability and quality of life were compared at 1 month and 3 months after discharge. Results There was no significant difference in the family burden score， self-care ability score， and quality of life score between Observation Group 1 and Control Group 1 and between Observation Group 2 and Control Group 2 at the time of discharge（ P＞0.05）. The family burden score of Observation Group 1 was lower and the self-care ability score and quality of life score were higher than that of Control Group 1 when they were discharged for 1 month and 3 months（ P＜0.05）. Similarly， the family burden score of Observation Group 2 was lower and the self-care ability score and quality of life score were higher than that of Control Group 2 when they were discharged for 1 month and 3 months（ P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The home-based rehabilitation model can relieve the family burden of the patients with high function and low function EOS， and improve their self-care ability.

Abstract:Objectives To explore the effect of Paliperidone and Aripiprazole on the clinical efficacy， social function recovery， serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor（ BDNF） level and event-related brain potential N400 in first-episode acute schizophrenia. Methods This is a randomized， double-blind， controlled study. A total of 80 patients with first-episode acute schizophrenia who were treated in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2018 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method， with 40 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given Aripiprazole tablets with an initial dose of 10 mg per day， which was later increased by 5 mg per week according to their condition. The maximum dose was 30 mg per day. The patients in the observation group were given Paliperidone sustained-release tablets with an initial dose of 6 mg per day， which was increased by 3 mg per week according to their condition. The maximum dose was 12 mg per day. Both groups were treated continuously for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed. The recovery of social function， the level of BDNF and the change of event-related potential N400 were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate was 92.50% in the observation group， which was significantly higher than the 75% effective rate in the control group（ P＜0.05）. After the treatment， the positive and negative symptoms scale（ PANSS） scores of the two groups were both significantly lower than before the treatment， and the personal and social function scale（ PSP） scores of the two groups were both significantly higher than before the treatment （P ＜ 0.01）. After the treatment， the PANSS score of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group， and the PSP score was significantly higher than the control group（ P＜0.01）. After the treatment， the levels of BDNF in both groups were significantly higher than before the treatment（ P ＜ 0.05）， and the levels of BDNF in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group（ P＜0.05）. Under the matching conditions， the N400 latencies after the treatment were significantly shorter than before the treatment in both groups（ P＜0.01）， and the amplitude was higher than before the treatment（ P＜0.01）. Under the nonmatching conditions， the N400 latency of the observation group after treatment was significantly shorter than before the treatment（ P ＜ 0.05）. After the treatment， the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale（ TESS） scores were（ 4.87±1.28） in the observation group， and（ 5.01±1.34） in the control group which showed no significant difference（ P ＞ 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group（ 27.50%） and the control group（ 22.50%）（ P＞0.05）. Conclusions Paliperidone is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. It can effectively improve the social and cognitive functions of patients， effectively regulate the level of BDNF and the change of event-related potential N400. It is well tolerated and worthy of clinical promotion.

Abstract:Objectives To observe the effects of infra-low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation （ILF-TMS） in insomnia after ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 60 insomniacs after ischemic stroke were divided into the conventional treatment group（ n=30） and the ILF-TMS group（ n=30） by random number table method. Zolpidem tartrate was prescribed to patients in both groups， 5mg orally per night before sleep. On this basis， the ILF-TMS group was treated with ILF-TMS， while the conventional treatment group received sham ILF-TMS treatment. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（ PSQI） and polysomnography（ PSG） were used to evaluate the sleep status before and 10 days after the treatment. PSG was taken to evaluate the sleep state mainly through the percentage of time of total sleep time（ TST）， sleep latency（ SL）， non-rapid eye movement（ NREM） and rapid eye movement（ S1， S2， S3+S4）. Results Before the treatment there were no significant differences in the average scores of PSQI， TST， SL， S1， S2， S3+S4， REM between the two groups. In the conventional treatment group， the PQSI score decreased significantly after 10 days' treatment（ 18.03±1.37） vs（ 12.60±2.43）； TST prolonged from（ 251.42±42.42） min to（ 288.80±40.32） min； SL shortened from（ 39.60±17.62） min to（ 34.40±14.89）， all the differences were statistically significant（ P ＜ 0.05）. However， REM of sleep structure， S1， S2 and S3+S4 showed no significant changes compared with that before treatment. The PQSI score in the ILF-TMS group was significantly changed after therapy（ 18.17±1.29） vs（ 10.40±2.13）. Both TST and SL were improved （241.50±51.75） vs（ 353.45±52.20） and（ 40.80±17.47） vs（ 26.60±13.22）， with statistically significant differences（ P ＜ 0.05）. However， REM of sleep structure， S1， S2 and S3+S4 showed no significant changes compared with that before treatment. After treatment， the subjective scores of PSQI in the ILF-TMS group was significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group， TST was significantly better than that in the conventional treatment group， and SL was also improved comparing with the conventional treatment group（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions Although short-term（ 10 days） ILF-TMS treatment cannot improve the sleep structure of patients with insomnia after ischemic stroke，ILF-TMS can improve the symptoms of insomnia after ischemic stroke.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation（ VNS） in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 17 patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent vagal nerve stimulation from August 2016 to November 2018， including curative effects and complications. Results All the patients were followed up for 6-29 months. The efficacy was evaluated according to McHugh classification， 6 patients were McHugh Class Ⅰ A ， and 7 patients were McHugh Class Ⅱ A， 2 patients were McHugh Class Ⅱ B， 1 patient was McHugh Class Ⅲ A， 1 patient was McHugh Class Ⅴ . There was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy between the group within one year of follow-up and the one of more than one year. No severe side effect or surgical complication was observed， except for 4 patients with hoarse voice and cough after having VNS machine on. Conclusions Vagal nerve stimulation is a safe and effective option to the patients with refractory epilepsy， especially for the patients who were also not belong to the candidate for resection surgery.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the effects of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways on cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal damage in rats with vascular dementia. Methods A total of 30 adult male SD rats of SPF grade were developed models of vascular dementia. They were randomly divided into three groups： the control group， experiment group 1 and experiment Group 2. The control group was given an intravenous injection of 5 μl/d saline. experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were given oxiracetam 10 ng/d and 100 ng/d intravenously for 2 weeks. The cognitive damage and hippocampal neuronal damage in rats were recorded， and the changes in Nrf2 expression and oxidative index were detected. Results There were no significant difference in escape latency across the three groups at 1 d after modeling（ P＞ 0.05）. The escape latency of the experimental groups at 7 d and 14 d after modeling was lower than that of the control group （P ＜ 0.05）； the the escape latency of experimental group 2 were lower than that of experimental group 1， but the difference was not statistically significant（ P＞ 0.05）. The activity of NADPH oxidase in the experimental groups was lower than that in the control group（ P＜0.05）； the activity of NADPH in experimental group 2 were significantly lower than experimental group 1（ P ＜ 0.05）. The relative expression levels of N-myc and Nrf2 proteins and the activity and survival rates of hippocampal neurons in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group（ P＜ 0.05）； those indicators of experimental group 2 were significantly higher than experimental group 1（ P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Oxiracetam can ameliorate cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal damage in rats with vascular dementia， and its mechanism may be related to activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways and N-myc-mediated neuronal growth pathway.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the reliability and validity of the Tibetan version of the Huaxi Emotional Distress Index（HEI） in the Tibetan population. Methods Using convenient sampling， a total of 500 Tibetans were surveyed with the Tibetan version of the HEI from October 2018 to December 2018. The exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's α coefficient analysis were performed to analyze the reliability and validity of the scale. Results In the validity analysis， two factors were extracted from the scale， namely "emotional pain" and "negative concept"， explaining 67.8% variance accumulatively； In the reliability analysis， the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.89（ ＞0.7） for all nine items of the scale， 0.87 and 0.77（ both ＞ 0.7） for "emotional pain" factor（ Item 1-7） and "negative concept" factor（ Item 8-9）. Conclusions The Tibetan version of the HEI scale has high structural validity and intrinsic reliability among the Tibetan population， which can be helpful in the rapid screening of emotional problems.

Abstract:Objectives To explore the clinical features and prognosis of patients with myasthenic crisis （MC）. Methods The general data of 74 first-time MC patients with myasthenia gravis（ MG） were reviewed for Osserman classification， time of crisis， pre-crisis characteristics， duration of the crisis， and effectiveness and prognosis evaluation of the MC treatment. Results MC patients with thymoma accounted for 60.81% of all participants， and non-thymoma patients accounted for 39.19%. 60.81%（ 45/74） of MC patients' first MC occurred within 1 year since MG onset， and 76.00%（ 38/50） of all MC cases occurred within 6 months after thymectomy accounted. Dyspnea and dysphagia（ 24/74） were the most prominent characteristics before the onset of MC， followed by thymic surgery（ 11/74）， infection（ 9/74）， and hormone-related factors（ 7/74）. Among all MCs， 45.95% are Osserman type IIB， accounting for the highest percentage across all types. The intubation time of MC patients is 15（7，30）days. 44.60%（ 33/74） of MC patients required gamma globulin and/or plasma exchange combined with methylprednisolone. The most common complication of MC was the pulmonary infection （32/74）， accounting for 43.24% of all cases. The most serious complications of repeated tracheal intubation were bronchiectasis with hemorrhage and pneumothorax. After 2-10 years of follow-up， 17 patients had multiple crises after the first MC， with a mortality rate of 9.46%（ 7/74）. Conclusions MG patients with thymoma have a higher likelihood of MC than those without thymoma. Treatment of MCis difficult and requires multiple immunosuppressive combination therapy. MC is most likely to occur until six months after thymectomy. MC complications， repeated crises， and thymoma metastasis are the leading causes of death in patients.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the diagnostic value of tumor markers and brain MR in children with intracranial germ cell tumors. Methods From March 2010 to March 2018， a total of 92 cases of children suspected of germ cell tumor treated in Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected. The children completed brain magnetic resonance（ MR） imaging， as well as cerebrospinal fluid and serum alpha-fetoprotein（ AFP）， Human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit（ β-hCG）， and placental alkaline phosphatase（ PLAP） expression level monitoring. With the pathological examination of diseased brain tissue as the diagnosis "gold standard"， brain MR and cerebrospinal fluid and serum tumor markers were evaluated for diagnostic value in children with intracranial germ cell tumors. Results The diagnostic sensitivity of brain MR in children with intracranial germ cell tumors was 53.13%（ 17/32）， the specificity was 90.00%（ 54/60）， and the positive coincidence rate was 77.17%（ 71/92）. The positive predictive value was 73.91%（ 17/23）， and the negative predictive value was 78.26%（ 54/69）. The diagnostic sensitivity of serum AFP， β-hCG and PLAP in children with intracranial reproductive tumors was 81.25%（ 26/32）， the specificity was 51.67%（ 31/60）， and the positive coincidence rate was 61.96%（ 57/92）. The positive predictive value was 47.27%（ 26/55）， and the negative predictive value was 83.78%（ 31/37）. The diagnostic sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid AFP， β-hCG and PLAP in children with intracranial germ cell tumors was 87.50%（ 28/32）， specificity was 56.67%（ 34/60）， and the positive coincidence rate was 67.39%（ 62/92）. The positive predictive value was 51.85%（ 28/54） and the negative predictive value was 89.47%（ 34/38）. The diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value of serum， cerebrospinal fluid AFP， β-hCG and PLAP were significantly higher than those in brain MR in the diagnosis of children with germ cell tumors（ P＜0.05）； The specificity， positive coincidence rate and positive predictive value were significantly higher than those of serum， cerebrospinal fluid AFP， β-hCG and PLAP（ P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The tumor markers have high diagnostic sensitivity in children with intracranial germ cell tumors. The brain MR has high diagnostic specificity in children with intracranial germ cell tumors. Both methods have diagnosis advantages and disadvantages.

Abstract:Objectives To evaluate the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction（ MBSR） therapy in insomnia patients. Methods Cochrane Library， PubMed， Medline， EMbase， Web of Science， China HowNet， Weipu and Wanfang databases were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trails（ RCTs） that met the inclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 8 RCTs involving 922 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that MBSR significantly improved the sleep quality of insomnia patients［ SMD=-1.02， 95%CI（ from -1.21 to -0.83）， P ＜ 0.01］， especially improving daytime dysfunction［ MD=-0.35， 95%CI（ from -0.41 to -0.30），P ＜ 0.01］， sleep efficiency［ SMD=-0.88， 95%CI （from -1.14 to -0.61）， P＜0.01］， relieve depression［ SMD=-1.16， 95%CI（ from -1.55 to -0.77）， P＜0.01］ and anxiety［ MD=-7.49， 95%CI（ from -8.23 to -6.75）， P ＜ 0.01］. Conclusions MBSR can improved sleep quality， daytime dysfunction， sleep efficiency， relieve anxiety and depression in patients with insomnia. However， further research and verification on anxiety and depression improving are needed.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the effects of ketamine on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（ BMSCs） into neural cells in vitro. Methods SFP-grade rats were sacrificed， and the rat BMSCs were isolated and purified， and then induced with different concentrations of ketamine： 0 μmol/L （control group）， 1 μmol/L（ experiment group 1）， and 10 μmol/L（ experiment group 2）. Cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay， apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry， and microtubule-associated protein 2（ MAP2） and glial fibrillary acidic protein（ GFAP） expression levels were detected by Western blot. Results The cell survival rates， the relative expression of MAP2 and GFAP protein in the experiment group 2 and the experiment group 1 were significantly higher than those in the control group， and those in the experimental group 2 were significantly higher those in the experimental group 1， at 24 h and 48 h after treatment（ P＜0.05）. The apoptosis rates of the experiment group 2 and the experiment group 1 were significantly lower than that of the control group （P＜ 0.05）， and that of the experimental group 2 were also significantly lower than that of the experimental group 1 （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Ketamine can increase the MAP2 and GFAP proteins of BMSCs， promote the proliferation of BMSCs and inhibit cell apoptosis， thus promote their differentiation into neural cells in vitro.

Abstract:Objectives To study the general clinical characteristics of the neuromyelitis eptica spectrum disorders（ NMOSD） and the difference from multiple sclerosis（ MS）. Methods Patients with central nervous system demyelinating diseases admitted to the Neurology Department of Xuanwu Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were screened according to the diagnostic criteria of NMOSD（ 2015） and the diagnostic criteria of McDonald（ 2017）. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the clinical features of NMOSD and MS patients. Results Totals of 233 NMOSD patients and 125 MS patients were induded. The average onset age of NMOSD and MS were（ 43.0±14.7） and（ 38.1±11.2） years respectively， and the male to female ratio was（ 1/4.5） and（ 1/2.6）. NMOSD mostly begin with the optic nerve damage symptom. Intractable pruritus and intractable nausea and vomiting may be characteristic clinical features. The MS mostly begin with brain damage. Most NMOSD and MS patients have no obvious causes of first onset. Possible causes are upper respiratory tract infection， fatigue， vaccination， postpartum and so on. There was no significant difference between NMOSD and MS in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Compared with MS patients， NMOSD patients has higher white blood cell count than normal.Blood AQP4-Ab and cerebrospinal fluid OB were important biomarkers to distinguish from the two diseases. Conclusions NMOSD is the most likely to be misdiagnosed as MS， especially in the early stage of the disease and NMOSD patients with negative AQP-4 antibody test. Intractable itching and intractable nausea and vomiting may be underestimated features of NMOSD. Blood AQP4-Ab and cerebrospinal fluid OB are important biomarkers of NMOSD and MS， which are significant for the identification of the two diseases.

Abstract:Objectives To compare the effectiveness of paliperidone and ziprasidone and its influence on prolactin in female bipolar disorder patients with manic episodes. Methods A total of 95 female bipolar patients with manic episodes admitted to Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital from January 2017 to July 2018 were selected. The patients were divided into paliperidone group（ n=50） and ziprasidone group（ n=45） by random number table method. Both groups were given lithium carbonate tablets， on the basis of which paricipanone and ziprasidone were administered separately for 6 weeks. The scores of Clinical Global Impression scale（ CGI） and the Young's Mania Rating Scale（ YMRS） of the two groups were evaluated， and changes in serum prolactin， doses of lithium carbonate， and adverse reactions were monitored. Results The total effective rates after treatment were 84.00%（ 42/50） and 88.89%（ 40/45）， and the difference was not statistically significant （χ2=0.479，P ＞ 0.05）. There was no group×time interaction for the YMRS scores in the two groups（ P ＞ 0.05）. There was group×time interaction for the serum prolactin in the two groups（ P ＜ 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the dose of lithium carbonate between the two groups（ P ＞ 0.05）. The incidence of hyperprolactinemia in the ziprasidone group（ 28.00%， 14/50） was lower than that in paliperidone group（ 6.67%， 3/45）， and the difference was statistically significant（ χ2=7.336，P＜ 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of extrapyramidal reaction， tachycardia， nausea and vomiting， and dizziness and headache （P＞ 0.05）. Conclusions The effectiveness of paliperidone and ziprasidone in the treatment of female bipolar disorder manic episodes is similar， but ziprasidone has less effect on serum prolactin and can reduce the incidence of hyperprolactinemia.

Abstract:Cerebral arterial thrombosis is a common cerebrovascular disease. It accounts for about 80% of all cerebral apoplexy. MicroRNA（ miRNA） MiRNA is closely related to cerebral arterial thrombosis and its risk factors and could be the biomarker and therapeutic target of cerebral arterial thrombosis. This review summarizes the operating mechanism of miRNA and the correlation between miRNA and cerebral arterial thrombosis.

Abstract:Autism spectrum disorder（ ASD） is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder， which is the result of both genetic and environmental factors. In recent years， more and more findings have supported that intestinal microorganisms affect brain development through the gut-brain axis and produce corresponding behavioral phenotypes. The relationship between intestinal microbial disorders and ASD has been increasingly valued and it is more likely to be involved in the occurrence and development of ASD. The relationship between microbial-gut-brain axis and ASD is reviewed.

Abstract:Post-stroke depression is a common complication of stroke. In this review，we discussed the advance of the depression scale in recent years， and focuses on the value of the PHQ-9 and HAMD-6 in depression screening and assessment. We also analyzes the problems of scale. In the end， we review the depression prediction factors and models， and introduce the application of event-related potential（ ERP） in screening depression.

Abstract:Intracranial vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms（ IVBDAs） are arterial dissections that occur in the intracranial and basilar arteries of the vertebral artery with aneurysm formation as the main morphological change. The causes and precise mechanism of IVBDAs are not clear. The clinical manifestations of IVBDAs are non-specific， complex and varied， and may evolve and transform over time. The imaging manifestations are complex and varied as well. There are still controversies about the epidemiology， natural history， etiology and pathogenesis， diagnostic methods and treatment strategies of IVBDAs. The paper reviews the recent literature on IVBDA and summarizes research development.

Abstract:Evidence has demonstrated that some pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation are altered in depressive disorder， but the exact mechanism is still unclear. The nuclear factor erythroid-2- related factor 2（Nrf2） is the common transcription factor of the inflammatory response and antioxidant pathways， which may lead to an intrinsic imbalance between the two and thus play a key role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. This article reviews the research progress of the role of Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidative stress and immuno-inflammatory regulation in the etiology and treatment mechanism of depression， so as to provide new theoretical basis for further development of the etiology of this disease.

Abstract:Dopamine dysregulation syndrome（ DDS） is a clinical syndrome that produces a series of psychological and behavioral abnormalities due to the addiction to dopaminergic drugs， most commonly found in patients with Parkinson disease who are under dopaminergic replacement therapy. This article reviews the research progress of dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson disease in terms of the risk factors， pathogenesis， clinical manifestations， diagnosis， evaluation， treatment， and prognosis.

Abstract:Cerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke（ AIS） patients is a serious complication after thrombolytic therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator（ rt-PA）. The rt-PA increases the risk of bleeding while treating local thrombolysis， which potentially leads to cerebral hemorrhagic transformation（ CHT）. This process is related to the gene polymorphism and physiological differences of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1（ PAI1） and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor（ TAFI）. Body temperature， age， brain CT or MRI imaging， blood pressure and blood sugar levels are factors that can affect the likelihood of cerebral hemorrhage caused by rt-PA thrombolytic therapy while treating AIS. In rt-PA thrombolytic therapy， it is of great clinical importance to adopt predictive monitoring and purposeful nursing for AIS patients with different physiological conditions and clinical characteristics.

Abstract:Mental disorders are a type of multi-gene genetic diseases with complex etiology. The exploration of the pathogenesis of mental disorders has always been a major research topic. Extensive empirical evidence reveals that early physical infection is closely related to the occurrence of mental disorders， suggesting that early physical infection may play an indispensable role in the development of mental disorders. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on the association between early physical infections and mental disorders and explore the pathogenesis of early physical infections and mental disorders.