Abstract:The diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer Disease （AD） have evolved from the initial diagnostic criteria in 1984 to the research framework of AD based on ATN classification system in 2018. The constant updating of diagnostic criteria has made us more aware of the disease of AD， as well as early diagnosis and biomarkers. The concept that AD is a continuous disease spectrum has been deeply rooted in people's minds， and the inclusion of biomarkers has led to the advancement of disease diagnosis. Early detection， early diagnosis and early intervention in the early stage of AD will bring new hope for the study of AD.

Abstract:Brain-computer interface （BCI） is a new human-computer interaction method or technology that breaks through the conventional limitation of peripheral neuromuscular efferent pathway and enables people to directly control external devices through brain signals. BCI usually uses surface electroencephalogram to obtain characteristic EEG. The basic process includes signal collection， pre-processing， feature extraction， classification and equipment control. BCI usually uses surface electroencephalogram to obtain characteristic EEG signals. BCI can assist patients to communicate with the outside world and move， real-time control of prosthetic limbs， orthosis， nursing robots and other rehabilitation aids， help them rebuild motor function and reduce life dependence， or carry out feedback training， activate or improve nerve plasticity， and rebuild nerve function.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of emotional and behavioral problems in rural left-behind children aged 3 to 5 years. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral abnormalities among 5 050 children aged 3 to 5 years in 27 poverty-stricken counties of 12 provinces across China using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ）. Results The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in left-behind children was 13.3% （140/ 1 046）， and that of non-left-behind children was 14.7% （590/4 005）. There was no statistical difference between the two groups （χ2 =1.237，P=0.266）. The prevalence of peer association abnormalities in the left-behind children group was 5.0% （52/1 046） lower than that in the non-left-behind group （7.2%，287/4 005）， and there was a statistical difference （χ2 =6.732，P=0.012）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the primary caregivers agreed that corporal punishment increased the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in left-behind children （OR=1.655， 95%CI=1.121-2.444）. Conclusions There is no difference in the prevalence of behavioral problems between left-behind children and non-left-behind children aged 3 to 5 years. Supporting corporal punishment increases the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in left-behind children.

Abstract:Objective A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the latest revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders （DSM-5） "somatic symptom disorder （SSD）" with its fourth edition （DSM-Ⅳ） of "somatic disorder （SFD）" and the differences in the physical and psychological dimensions of them. Methods A total of 197 patients were selected from the Wuhan Mental Hospital Affiliated to China University of Geosciences. Clinical interviews and formal tools were used to collect medical history and evaluate symptoms. The subjects were grouped according to DSM-5 SSD and DSM- Ⅳ SFD criteria and SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results （1） 113 patients were diagnosed with SFD （57.4%） by DSM- Ⅳ， and 105 patients were diagnosed with SSD （53.3%） by DSM-5. （2） The consistency of DSM- Ⅳ and DSM-5 diagnosis was low （Kappa=0.200）. Patients only diagnosed with DSM-5 SSD but not diagnosed with DSM-Ⅳ SFD showed greater psychological disorder. Conclusions Compared with DSM-Ⅳ SFD， psychological symptoms enhance the predictive effectiveness and clinical utility of DSM-5 SSD. DSM-5 SSD diagnosis is more likely to identify patients with psychological impairment than DSM-Ⅳ SFD.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the anxiety of freshmen in medical college and its influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1 050 freshmen in Zhaoqing Medical College in June， 2017. Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Baker Depression Inventory （BDI）， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire （MPIQ） and socio-demographic data were assessed. 944 valid questionnaires were collected， with an effective recovery rate of 89.9%. Results The anxiety detection rate of freshmen in medical colleges was 13.8% （130/944）. All research subjects were divided into non-anxiety group （SAS ＜ 50） and anxiety group （SAS ≥ 50） according to the score of SAS. Through T-test， it was found that the proportion of smoking and drinking in anxiety group was higher， the health condition was worse， the learning pressure was higher， the learning interest decreased， and the scores of PSQI， BDI and MPIQ increased significantly. Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking （β=0.448，95%CI=1.016-2.410）， PSQI（β=0.140， 95%CI=1.025-1.292）， BDI（β=0.159，95%CI=1.138-1.208） and MPIQ（β= -0.030，95%CI=0.945-0.995）. Conclusions The detection rate of anxiety among freshmen in Zhaoqing Medical College is at the middle level in China. Drinking， poor sleep quality， depression and mobile phone dependence are the related factors of anxiety.

Abstract:Objective To explore the intervention effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） combined with music therapy on patients with mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. Methods Totals of 100 patients with MCI were selected from June 2017 to March 2019 in outpatient Department， Wuxi Mental Health Center Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. They were randomly divided into the rTMS group， the music therapy group， the combined group and the pseudo-stimulation group with 25 cases in each. All patients were examined by MoCA scale and event-related potential P300 before and after treatment. The patients in the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group were treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（DLPFC） was selected as the stimulating site. The stimulation frequency was 15 Hz， and the total stimulation amount was 900 pulses/d. There were a total of 3 courses which last 5 consecutive days as a course with 3 weeks apart. The music therapy group was treated with comprehensive music therapy， 30 minutes per time and 2 times a week. The patients received three courses of treatment in total with 8 times therapy a course. The combined group was treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with music therapy. The pseudo-stimulation was used in the pseudo-stimulation group. Changes of MoCA scale and P300 in each group before and after intervention were compared. Comparison would be also taken among groups. Results After treatment， the latency and amplitude of P300 in the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group， the music therapy group and the combined group were significantly better than those before treatment， and were also better than those in the pseudo-stimulation group （P ＜ 0.05）. The improvement in the combined group was more obvious than the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group and the music therapy group （P＜ 0.05）. After treatment， the total scores of visual space， executive， attention， computational power， delayed memory and MoCA in rTMS group and combined group were significantly better than those before treatment and those in pseudo-stimulation group （P＜ 0.05）. The total scores of visual space， execution， attention， delayed memory and MoCA in music therapy group after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment and those in pseudo-stimulation group （P＜ 0.05）. The total scores of MOCA in combination group were significantly higher than those in rTMS group and music therapy group （P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions After short-term intervention， both rTMS and music therapy can improve cognitive function of patients with MCI， and the effect of combined use of two interventions was relatively effective. Long-term efficacy was not clear now. It is hoped that further research will be carried out in the future.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the protective effect of metformin treatment on cerebral ischemia in mice and its mechanism. Methods Thirty C57/BL6 mice were divided into control group and metformin group. Cerebral ischemia was modeled by MCAO surgery. 1-7 days after the surgery， mice in the metformin group were given metformin treatment at 50mg/kg intraperitoneally， while those in the control group were given the same amount of normal saline. On the 1st， 3rd， 5th and 7th day after surgery， the neurological function was assessed by Neurological severity scores （NSS） scale， and the residence time of mice on the rotating rod after cerebral ischemia was measured by Rotarod. On the 7th day after surgery， the expression levels of AMPK， pAMPK， HIF-1α， BCL-2 and ALK1 in the penumbra region of the two groups were detected by Western blot. On the 7th day after the operation， hemidark zone angiogenesis in the two groups of mice was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results After treatment with metformin （50 mg/kg） after cerebral ischemia， the volume of infarction caused by metformin was significantly lower than that of the control group ［（14.2±2.23）% vs （37.8±1.77）%］. After administration of metformin， the number of blood vessels increased significantly compared with the control group ［（103.6±1.66） vs （57.7±1.01）］. On the 7th day， the NSS of mice in metformin group was significantly lower than that of control group ［（5.85±1.23） vs （3.33±0.57）］. There was no significant difference at other time points. The pAMPK/AMPK ratio in the metformin group was （1.79±0.24）， and the control group was normalized to （1.00±0.33）. The expression level of ALK1 was （2.01±0.52） in the control group， and （3.09±0.64） in the metformin group. Metformin could significantly increase the expression of BCL-2 ［（1.06±0.25） vs （0.53±0.07）］ and decrease the expression of HIF-1 α ［（0.71±0.12） vs （2.24±0.69）］. After the end of the 7th day of administration， the stay time of mice in the metformin group on the rod was significantly increased compared with that in the control group （all P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Metformin can reduce the volume of cerebral infarction， improve neurological symptoms and motor function， and promote vascular regeneration， which may relate to the increase of AMPK phosphorylation and ALK1 expression

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the alterations of the monoamine concentration in the selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 （VMAT2） deficient mice， and observe the symptoms of dopamine related Parkinson disease. Methods The VMAT2flox/+ mice （14 months） with a background of C57BL/6N were selected as the control group. The VMAT2-/+ mice （14 months） were developed by the Cre/loxP system to obtain conditional ablation of the Vmat2 gene specifically in the dopaminergic neurons， 50% of which were selected as the intervention group. A series of behavioral tests （14 male mice in each group） were carried out， and the monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain tissues of the two groups of mice （5-6 in each group） were detected by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemistry （HPLC-ED）. The correlation between dopamine and Parkinson disease was evaluated. Results Mice with selected ablation of the Vmat2 gene in dopaminergic neurons showed selective reduction of dopamine concentration in the brain， and with dysfunctions in motor and olfactory abilities， but no significant deficits of other non-motor functions， such as cognition， emotional performances and sleep patterns. Conclusions VMAT2 is closely related to Parkinson disease， and dopamine is more involved in the motor and olfactory performance of Parkinson disease， but may not be so strong associated with other non-motor symptoms， such as disturbances in emotion， cognition and sleep. This study implies potentially adjustment of therapeutic strategies of Parkinson disease.

Abstract:Objective To explore the risk factors for bleeding during spinal hemangioblastoma surgery. Methods A retrospective study was conducted among 69 spinal hemangioblastoma patients who underwent selective surgeries at Beijing Tiantan Hospital， Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018. The risk factors for blood loss of spinal hemangioblastoma surgery were analyzed. Results There were 37 male （53.6%） and 32 female （46.4%） patients. The amount of bleeding was 50-1 200 ml， with an average （273±124） ml. The operation was divided into low-risk group （bleeding volume ＜ 300 ml） 58 cases and high-risk group （bleeding volume ≥ 300 ml） 11 cases. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor location （OR=1.400）， recurrence （OR=1.350）， severe adhesion （OR=2.211） and resection degree （OR=2.052） were related to the increase of bleeding volume in spinal angioreticuloma surgery. Conclusions For the hemangioblastoma of the spinal cord， which is located in the ventral side of the spinal cord， recurrences， severe adhesion of the tumor， and subtotal resection of the tumor， we should be alert to the possibility of increased bleeding during the operation， and make preparations to prevent massive bleeding.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of ginkgolide injection combined with clopidogrel on collateral circulation formation and HIF-VEGF-Notch pathway in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Totals of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， ginkgolide injection group， clopidogrel group and ginkgolide injection + clopidogrel group. In addition to the sham-operated group， the middle cerebral artery occlusion method was used to establish the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. After grouping and treating， Longa grading method was used to evaluate the neurological deficits of the rats in each group， cerebral infarction area was observed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， microvessel density （CD31 positive cell expression） was detected by immunohistochemical staining， and expression of HIF-VEGF-Notch pathway-related protein in brain tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative （qRT-PCR） and Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham-operated group， the neurological deficit score， cerebral infarction area， CD31 positive cell expression， HIF-1α， VEGF， Notch1 mRNA expressions and protein expressions in the model group were increased （P ＜ 0.05）. Compared with the model group， the neurological deficit score and infarct area of rats in ginkgolide injection group， clopidogrel group， ginkgolide injection + clopidogrel group were decreased （P＜ 0.05）， while CD31 positive cell expression， HIF-1α， VEGF， Notch1 mRNA expressions and protein expressions in brain tissue were increased （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with ginkgolide injection group and clopidogrel group， the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction area of rats in ginkgolide injection + clopidogrel group were decreased （P＜ 0.05）， and the CD31 positive cell expression， HIF-1α， VEGF， Notch1 mRNA expressions and protein expressions in brain tissue were increased （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Ginkgolide injection and clopidogrel can promote collateral circulation formation and expression of HIF-VEGF-Notch pathway in rats with focal cerebral ischemia， and the combination of them has a synergistic effect.

Abstract:Mobile medical service based on internet technology has become an important means to optimize resource allocation， and improve medical efficiency and service quality. Mobile mental health technology can be applied to areas such as psychological assessment， symptom tracking and monitoring， psychotherapy and psychological education， etc. However， there are still many problems， including insufficient evidence-based evidence， limited service targets， doubtful professionalism and safety issues. Service developers should actively expand the content and targets of services， constantly explore more acceptable forms of mobile services， promote the standardization of medical data and platforms， optimize and integrate to existing medical service workflow， so as to improve user experience and medical service quality.

Abstract:Ischemic stroke is one of the major diseases affecting human health and threatening human life. At present， the disease has been attracting more and more attention. As a regulatory gene in genome， long non-coding RNA （LncRNA） has very complex biological functions and plays important roles in many stages of cell biological activity， including mediating chromatin remodeling， mRNA alternative splicing， mRNA degradation and protein translation. Up to now， a variety of lncRNAs have been found to play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers， cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. However，the researches on lncRNAs and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases are still limited. Therefore， this review mainly outlines research progresses between lncRNA and ischemic stroke.

Abstract:Autism spectrum disorder （ASD） is a neurodevelopment disorder. The disease originated in infancy and manifested in three groups of symptoms， including different degrees of social communication disorder， language development disorder， narrow interest and rigid behavior. So far， there is no specific drug for the disease， but some studies show that oxytocin deficiency or underutilization is one of the causes of social interaction disorder in ASD patients. Therefore， studies on the effects of oxytocin on ASD have attracted attention from many scholar. This paper summarizes the symptom improvement， adverse reactions and application prospect of oxytocin in ASD patients， so as to explore new ideals for future research， and provide help for using OT to treat ASD clinically.

Abstract:Oligodendrocytes are the cells that form the myelin sheath of the central nervous system. Studies have shown that the cytoskeleton of oligodendrocytes plays an important role in the formation of myelin sheath. Myelin loss due to the unique vulnerability of oligodendrocytes plays a central role in some diseases. Myelin basic protein （MBP）， myelin related glycoprotein （MAG）， OLIG2 and other proteins are correlated with myelin injury. Myelin injury is associated with diseases such as optic neuromyelitis， multiple sclerosis， alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases， as well as depression. Posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） as a kind of neuropsychiatric diseases， its pathogenesis， treatment and prognosis have attracted the attention of many scholars in recent years， but the related factors still need to be further explored and studied. This paper will look at the effects of myelin formation and injury on the development and recovery of PTSD from the aspects of myelin formation， the mechanism of myelin injury related diseases， and the specific changes of various indicators in the diseases corresponding to myelin injury.

Abstract:The incidence of mental disorders is increasing year by year， and the burden of disease is heavy， causing serious harm to the physical and mental health of patients and family social life. However， the medicine of mental disorders often reflects adverse reactions， and are difficult to tolerate， which leads to poor treatment compliance. In addition， the treatment of special groups， such as patients with severe physical diseases， adolescents and elderly patients， is limited by the safety of medication， which often makes it difficult for clinicians to make decisions. Wuling capsule is a species obtained from the rare medicinal fungus Wuling ginseng in China. It has a single component and is commonly used clinically for the treatment of mild and moderate depression， anxiety， and insomnia， as well as auxiliary treatment for severe depressive disorder. It is especially safe for patients with physical diseases. This paper mainly reviews the safety and effectiveness of Wuling capsule in various mental disorders.

Abstract:Severe mental illness is characterized by long course and high recurrence rate， which brings huge burden to the society and the family. Case management is a personalized rehabilitation model with multidisciplinary team leadership， which can effectively reduce the symptoms of patients with severe mental illness， reduce recurrence， and improve social function. This paper summarizes the core concept， service mode， clinical efficacy and development status of several case management service modes， and puts forward some constructive suggestions according to the current situation of mental health service in China.

Abstract:Alzheimer disease（AD） is a degenerative neuropsychiatric disease. At present， the etiology is still unknown， and there is a lack of effective treatment. In recent years， some literatures have reported that deep brain stimulation can improve cognitive function of AD patients. Therefore， a summary of the related progress is made.

Abstract:Suicidal behavior is a heterogeneous phenomenon， which is caused by the interaction of patient's quality factors and environmental factors. Recently， suicidal behavior of bipolar disorder have attracted widespread attention. Previous studies have been devoted to exploring predictors and interventions for suicide and suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. This review summarizes the epidemiology， risk factors， prevention， imaging and molecular biological mechanism of the disease.

Abstract:The brain-gut axis in the human body may be a key regulatory pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract， and intestinal flora is an important player in this pathway. Eating disorder （ED） may cause intestinal flora disorder through abnormal eating behavior， and intestinal flora disorder may also affect the occurrence and development of ED through a variety of mechanisms. This paper summarizes domestic and foreign studies on the relationship between eating disorder and intestinal flora in recent years， and opens a new idea for the research and treatment of ED.

Abstract:Thalamus is essential for human function. It has extensive and in-depth effects on limbic system， ascending reticular system， sensorimotor system， and cerebral cortex. Many studies had shown that thalamus plays an extremely important role in the process of cognitive activities. When the thalamus is damaged， the body will exhibit different degrees of cognitive dysfunction， and the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction caused by the damage of different nuclear groups in the thalamus are also inconsistent. This paper reviews the cognitive dysfunction caused by the damage of different nuclear groups in thalamus to improve the relevant understand.

Abstract:Olfactory dysfunction has been identified in neuropathy and psychiatric disorders in prior research. There have been increasing studies on olfactory function of bipolar disorder in recent years. Brain areas involved in the mechanism of bipolar disorders have a close connection with the olfaction function related areas on the aspects of anatomy. The study of olfactory function in bipolar disorders is helpful to understand its pathogenesis and early recognition. This review summarizes the relevant findings concerning the olfactory function of bipolar disorders， and also provides some ideas and suggestions for future research

Abstract:Impulse control disorder （ICD） is a complication in Pakinson disease requiring attention. There is a significant increase in the incidence of ICD after using dopamine agonists. In Parkinson disease patients with ICD， there are corresponding changes of fiber connections in the midbrain-striatum-limbic system-cortex. The occurrence of ICD in Parkinson disease is related to dopaminergic drug therapy， gender， smoking and the decrease of dopamine transporter. This review summarizes the relevant findings concerning ICD in Parkison disease