Abstract:Late-life depression（LLD）is a common senile mental disorder. Functional magnetic resonance imaging（ fMRI） brain network connection analysis can help to clarify the brain regions and functions related to LLD. A number of studies have shown that there are three prominent brain functional networks in LLD： executive control network， default mode network and salience/emotional processing network. This paper summarizes the above three prominent characteristics of brain functional network imaging in LLD and the progress in predicting the therapeutic effect of depression， in order to summarize the existing research and provide reference for the future research direction.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the neural mechanism of event-based prospective memory（ PM） deficits in schizophrenia patients utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging（ fMRI）. Methods A total of 20 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled in this cross-sectional case-control study. The event-based PM tasks（ double-task paradigm， including the ongoing task and PM task） was performed as the stimulus tasks. In addition， Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms（ SANS） were used to assess the severity of mental symptoms， and Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects was used to assess the severity of extrapyramidal side effects. Matlab 2011b and SPM8 software were used to preprocess and analyze the imaging data. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze and compare the activation of brain area between the two groups. The significant difference between the two groups was set as P＜0.005（ uncorrected）. In this study， REST 1.8 software was used to extract the signal intensity of blood oxygen level dependence in the brain area activated by prospective memory. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the related factors of activation intensity in the brain area. Results In the pretreatment， two subjects in the observation group had obvious head movement（ movement ＞2.5 mm， rotation ＞2.5°）. Excluding image analysis， 18 subjects in the observation group and 20 subjects in the control group entered the statistical analysis. Patients with schizophrenia has lower accuracy and a longer reaction time（ RT） of the PM tasks compared to healthy volunteers［ （83.40±15.33）% vs（ 94.30±10.94）%，（ 870.54±156.70）ms vs （757.33±187.44）ms； P＜ 0.05］. In addition， the RT of ongoing task was positively correlated with the SANS scores（ r=0.494，P=0.037）， and the accuracy of PM task was positively associated with IQ（ r=0.558，P=0.016）. Moreover， we found a negative relationship between the RT of PM task and chlorpromazine equivalents （r=0.492，P=0.038）. Patients showed lower activations in right middle frontal gyrus（ MFG）， bilateral inferior parietal lobe（ angular gyrus， superior marginal gyrus）， right anterior cingulate cortex（ ACC） and right precuneus while performing the task（ P ＜ 0.005）. The activations in right supramarginal gyrus（ r=-0.589，P=0.010）， left angular gyrus（ r=-0.593，P=0.010）， and right precuneus（ r=-0.590，P=0.010） was negatively correlated to chlorpromazine equivalents， and the activations in right ACC（r=-0.537，P=0.021） and right MFG（r= -0.501，P=0.034） was negatively associated with the RT of ongoing task. Conclusions Cognitive resources are consumed while performing prospective memory task. Patients with schizophrenia have significant deficits in event-based prospective memory， which may be related to the dysfunction of middle frontal cortex， inferior parietal lobule， anterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between platelet to lymphocyte ratio（ PLR）， lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2（ Lp-PLA2）， homocysteine（ HCY） and the diagnosis and short-term prognosis of ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 200 cases of ischemic stroke patients（ case group） admitted in the Department of Neurology of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from October 2018 to October 2019 were recruited as the case group. The 120 health people taking physical examination at the same time were enrolled as the control group. All the patients were test for PLR， Lp-PLA2 and HCY levels. The patients in the case group were divided into mild， moderate and severe neurological deficit groups according to NIHSS score at admission. After 3 weeks of treatment，the patients in the case group were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to modified Rankin Scale（ mRS） score. The levels of serum PLR， Lp-PLA2， HCY were compared among mild to moderate severe neurological deficits in the case group and between good prognosis group and poor prognosis group respectively. The ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy and evaluated the prognostic value. Results Compared with the control group， the levels of PLR， Lp-PLA2 and HCY were significantly higher in the case group， with statistical significance ［（168.73±62.12） vs（ 116.87±31.87），（ 245.64±81.30） μg/L v（s 165.17±38.13）μg/L，（ 18.45±6.81） μmol/L vs （11.14±3.04） μmol/L； t=9.843，11.377，13.161；（ P＜0.05）］.The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that PLR， Lp-PLA2 and HCY were independent risk factors of ischemic stroke（ OR=1.017，1.005，1.072； 95%CI：1.009-1.026，1.000-1.010，1.009-1.139；P＜ 0.01）. The levels of PLR， Lp-PLA2 and HCY of mild， moderate and severe neurological deficit groups were significantly different（ P ＜ 0.01）. The follow-up results showed that the levels of PLR， Lp-PLA2 and HCY of the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those of the good prognosis group 3weeks after discharge［ （204.75±65.08） vs（ 140.43±41.97），（ 282.99±77.49）μg/L vs（ 216.29±71.89） μg/L，（ 21.76±7.02） μmol/L vs（ 15.86±5.40） μmol/L］， and the differences were statistically significant（ t=8.048，6.293，6.716； P＜0.05）. The area under the curve of serum PLR， Lp-PLA2， HCY and combined diagnosis of ischemic stroke were 0.768，0.823，0.855 and 0.879， respectively（ P＜0.01）. The area under ROC curve of serum PLR， Lp-PLA2 and HCY for short-term prognosis were 0.803，0.796 and 0.788 respectively. Conclusions The serum levels of PLR， Lp-PLA2 and HCY increased significantly in patients with ischemic stroke. The combined detection has high diagnostic efficiency， better clinical prognosis evaluation value， which can be a biological index for early prediction of ischemic stroke.

Abstract:Objective To explore the correlation between the serum folate level and the 3-month functional outcomes of small vessel disease in ischemic stroke patients. Methods A total of 83 ischemic stroke patients classified in small vessel disease admitted in the Department of Neurology of Haidian Hospital consecutively from 1st January to 30th September 2018， were enrolled. The clinical data， including age， gender， cerebrovascular risk factors， National Institute of Health stroke scale（ NIHSS） score，complications during hospitalization and antithrombotic therapy during hospitalization were analyzed. According to the modified Rankin Scale（ mRS）， the patients were divided into the group with good prognosis（ mRS≥3）（ 51 cases） and the group with poor prognosis（ mRS＜ 3）（ 32 cases）. The differences of the clinical data and serum folate concentrations were compared between the two groups. The fasting venous blood was collected to measure the serum folate level. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the independentriskfactorsfor poor prognosis. Results The NIHSS scores of patients in poor prognosis group［ 4.0（3.0，6.0）］were significantly higher than those in good prognosis group［ 3.0（2.0，4.0）］（Z=-2.951，P=0.003）. The serum levels of folate in poor prognosis group［ 11.3（9.9，16.7）μg/L］ were lower than those in good prognosis group［ 15.6（11.5，22.8）μg/L］（Z=2.732， P=0.006）. Binary logistic analysis showed that increased NIHSS wastheindependentriskfactor for poorprognosis （OR=1.525， 95%CI=1.043-2.231， P=0.030）， while elevated serumfolateconcentration was an independent influence factor for goodprognosis（ OR=0.729， 95%CI=0.554-0.960， P=0.024）. Conclusions Elevated serum folate level is an independent protective factor for poor functional prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To understand the status quo of non-suicide self-injury behavior（NSSI） of adolescent with depression， and the difference of alexithymia and parenting style in depressive adolescent with and without NSSI. Methods A total of 241 adolescent depressive patients admitted to the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital from January 2018 to February 2019 were recruited as the research subjects. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale，EgmaMinnenavBardndosnauppforstran（ EMBU） and Patients' Health Questionnaire-9 were applied in the investigation to explore the difference between NSSI group and non-NSSI group. Results Among 241 patients， 44.8%（ 108/241） adolescent had NSSI. Compared with patients without NSSI（ n=133）， patients with NSSI showed significantly higher factor scores in punishment， over intervention，rejection/denying， and over protection from their fathers［ （24.80±7.36） vs（ 21.41±6.89），（ 23.56±5.02） vs（ 21.74±4.66）， （13.44±4.39） vs（ 11.35±3.81），（ 12.56±3.28） vs（ 11.20±2.94）， P＜0.05］，and over intervention/protection， rejection/denying， punishment from their mothers［（42.23±8.06） vs（ 37.73±7.80），（ 18.65±5.85） vs （15.70±5.72），（ 19.13±6.52） vs（ 15.97±6.20）， P＜0.05］. In the Toronto Alexithymia Scale， the factor scores of difficult to identify and describe their emotions were significantly higher in patients with NSSI than those withou［t（25.19±6.23） vs（ 22.12±7.09），（ 18.06±4.19） vs（ 15.90±4.52）， P ＜ 0.05］. Conclusions NSSI has a high incidence in adolescents with depression. The alexithymia and parenting style was different between patients with and without NSSI.

Abstract:The expression levels of microRNAs have a significant relationship with suicide in depression， while electroconvulsive therapy may also affect certain genes associated with depression and may affect outcomes. Therefore， exploring the interaction mechanism between microRNAs and suicidal in depression and electroconvulsive therapy has become a very valuable research field. At present， some achievements have been made in related researches， and there are also some problems to be solved urgently. Therefore， this paper reviews the microRNAs expression characteristics related to depression and suicide， as well as the microRNAs involved in the response of depression to electroconvulsive therapy. Through sorting out and analyzing the related literature， it provides reference for future research direction and clinical application.

Abstract:Major depressive disorder（ MDD） is one of the most commonwith high disability， and its pathogenesis is still unclear. As a noninvasive neuroimaging technique， MRI can reveal the brain function of patients with severe depression. Compared with healthy controls， the functional changes of frontal lobe， temporal lobe， hippocampus， cingulate gyrus， basal ganglia， cerebellum and other brain areas in patients with severe depression may indicate the pathophysiological abnormalities of MDD. This article reviews the latest research results of multimodal MRI， including diffusion tensor imaging（ DTI）， diffusion kurtosis imaging（ DKI）， magnetic resonance spectroscopy（ MRS）， functional MRI（ fMRI）， neurite directional dispersion and density imaging（ noddi） in MDD， in order to have a better understanding of its neurobiological mechanism.

Abstract:The pathophysiological mechanism of depressive disorder is still unclear.Functional nearinfrared spectroscopy（ fNIRS） is a useful neuroimaging technique based on hemodynamic principles for the non-invasive investigation of brain in motion. It is widely used in psychiatry and considered to be a potential auxiliary diagnostic method based on the current evidence. In addition， fNIRS can be combined with other neuromodulation therapies to detect changes in hemodynamics and oxygenation status of the cerebral cortex， providing valuable advices for setting related technical parameters and prognosis.

Abstract:Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in clinical practice， with unclear pathogenesis. The research shows that matrix metalloproteinases can be used as mediators to participate in the occurrence and development of depression by affecting neurons and their synapses， neurotransmitters， inflammatory response and epigenetics. In this paper， the research progress of matrix metalloproteinases in depression in recent years is reviewed， and the biomarkers and new therapeutic targets of depression are sought.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the influencing factors of chronic subdural hematoma with behavioral abnormality. Methods A total of 207 cases with chronic subdural hematomaadmitted to Deyang People's Hospital of Sichuan Province from January 2009 to October 2019 were retrospectively enrolled.All patients were divided into behavior abnormality group and non behavior abnormality group according to whether there was behavior abnormality. The general demographic data such as gender， age， history of trauma， smoking， drinking， cerebrovascular disease， hypertension， diabetes， hyperlipidemia， blood coagulation， Glasgow Coma Scale（ GCS） score at admission， CT and cerebral perfusion imaging data at admission， including hematoma volume， hematoma location， hematoma density， CT midline displacement， falx hernia and cerebral perfusion defect. Mental examination was carried out by a professional psychosomatic physician， and Hamilton Depression Scale（ HAMD）， revised Wechsler Adult Memory Scale（ WMS-RC） and Strength Scale（ WAIS-RC） were tested.The scores of HAMD ＞ 7 were regarded as depressive state， and the scores of memory quotient and total intelligence quotient ＜ 79 were regarded as the judgment criteria of memory disorder and intelligence disorder. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of chronic subdural hematoma complicated with behavioral abnormality. Results The incidence of behavior abnormality in patients with chronic subdural hematoma was 73.43%（ 152/207）. According to single factor analysis， there was no significant difference in the incidence of behavior abnormality between the two groups on gender， age and history of coagulation abnormality（ all P＞ 0.05）； while the differences were statistically significant in history of trauma （χ2=8.763）， history of smoking over 10 years（ χ2=11.491）， history of drinking over 10 years（ χ2=14.365）， history of cerebrovascular disease（ χ2=11.492）， history of hypertension（ χ2=13.057）， history of diabetes （χ2=9.534）， history of hyperlipidemia（ χ2=13.274）， and disease course over 3 months（ χ2=7.731）， hematoma volume over 30 ml（ χ2=12.763）， hematoma location（ χ2=21.458）， hematoma density（ χ2=8.736）， CT midline shift（ χ2=14.572）， falx hernia（ χ2=10.396）， GCS under 8（ χ2=7.216）， and cerebral perfusion defect （χ2=6.781） between the two groups（all P ＜ 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that history of trauma （OR=2.164，95%CI=1.083-2.934）， history of smoking≥10 years（ OR=2.346，95%CI=1.191-2.835）， history of drinking ≥ 10 years（OR=2.941，95%CI=1.284-3.157）， history of cerebrovascular（OR=3.178，95%CI=1.893- 4.597）， history of hypertension ≥ 10 years（OR=2.783，95%CI=1.231-2.957）， history of diabetes ≥ 10 years （OR=2.841，95%CI=1.309-3.637）， history of hyperlipidemia（OR=3.237，95%CI=1.794-5.124）， disease course ≥ 3 months（OR=3.957，95%CI=1.997-5.463）， volume of hematoma ≥ 30 ml（OR=4.875，95%CI=1.982- 5.875）， frontotemporal hematoma（OR=4.763，95%CI=1.898-5.968）， mixed density hematoma（OR=4.537， 95%CI=1.795-5.362）， CT midline displacement ≥ 5 mm（OR=4.876，95%CI=1.897-5.985），complicated with falx hernia（OR=4.495，95%CI=1.754-5.247）， GCS ＜ 8（OR=4.875，95%CI=1.897-5.876）， frontotemporal cerebral perfusion defec（t OR=4.237，95%CI=1.651-4.896） were independent risk factors for chronic subdural hematoma complicated with behavioral abnormality. Conclusions Chronic subdural hematoma complicated with behavioral abnormality is affected by trauma， smoking， drinking， cerebrovascular disease， hypertension， diabetes， hyperlipidemia， course of disease， volume of hematoma， hematoma location， hematoma density， CT midline displacement， hernia， GCS， cerebral perfusion and other factors. Targeted early intervention may effectively reduce the occurrence of behavioral abnormality in chronic subdural hematoma.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the spatial characteristics of cerebral blood flow in female patients with first-episode schizophrenia by Stroop's near infrared spectroscopy（ NIRS）. Methods A total of 9 female first-episode schizophrenic patients consecutively admitted in the Department of Acute Intervention of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were recruited as the observation group. At the same time， 9 healthy controls matched in age and education level were enrolled as the control group. Taking Stroop test as the paradigm， NIRS was detected for 74 s， and the data of NIRS was recorded. The first 10 s was set as the baseline period， and the last 64 s was the task period. The average oxyhemoglobin（ OxyHb） level relative to the baseline period is calculated， and the spatial characteristics of NIRS are analyzed. The observation group was treated with olanzapine［ average dose（ 17.78±2.92） mg/d］ for 4 weeks， and NIRS was detected before and after treatment respectively， and the control group was detected once. Results The average OxyHb value（ mmol/L） of the channels 17 and 18 of the patients before treatment were 0.02（ -0.02， 0.18） and（ 0.04（ -0.07， 4.11）， which were significantly higher than those of the control group［ -0.22（ -0.33， 0.04） and -0.35（ -0.69， -0.02）］. While the OxyHb of channel 20 of the patients before treatment was -0.17（ -0.32，0）， which was significantly lower than that of the control group［ 0.08（ -0.08， 0.34）］. All the differences were statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. After treatment， the OxyHb of channels 17， 18 and 20 of the patients were［ -0.05（ -0.21，0.04）］，［ -0.10（ -0.24，0.01）］ and［ -0.02（ -0.21，0.11）］， with no significant differences from the control group（ P＞0.05）. Conclusions There was negative activation in the middle area of the right abdomen and positive activation inleft middle ventrolateral area of prefrontal lobe in the patient group before treatment， which was improved after treatment.

Abstract:Depression has always been a hot spot and difficult point of focused research in the field of psychiatry due to its unclear etiology， complicated pathogenic factors， and unclear pathogenesis. Both unipolar depression and bipolar depression are characterized by depressed mood， decreased interest or loss of pleasure， lack of energy or fatigue.Due to the similarity of the two performances， it brings great troubles to clinical diagnosis. This article reviews the differences in clinical characteristics， biochemical metabolism， brain function imaging， facial expression recognition， and cognitive function of unipolar and bipolar depression， providing a theoretical basis for clinical identification of the two， with a view to improving the accuracy and safety of clinical medication.

Abstract:In recent years， a large number of studies and practices have been conducted on the relationship between schizophrenia and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the related literature on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the possible effects of non-enzymatic antioxidants on schizophrenia， analyzes the effect of antioxidants on the antioxidant defense system and its correlation with schizophrenia， thus further broadening our understanding of schizophrenia and providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel treatment of schizophrenia.

Abstract: