Abstract:Objective To study the effect of interleukin-15 receptor α （IL-15Rα） gene knockout on the psychiatric disorders like behavior of mice. Methods 8-week old IL-15Rα knockout mice were divided into homozygous and heterozygous groups， and wild-type mice were used as controls. The genotypes of mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The neuropsychological behaviors were analyzed by nest building test， social interaction test and sucrose preference test. Results The results of PCR showed that the bands of wild-type， homozygote and heterozygote were 171 bp， 280 bp and 171 bp and 280 bp respectively. In this study， 8 wild-type， 14 heterozygotes and 12 homozygotes were included for behavioral testing. （1） Nesting score： Compared with the wild-type， the homozygous knockout mice showed significant nest building dysfunction. The nesting score （1.58±0.79） of homozygous knockout mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice （2.71±0.95， P＜0.05）. At the same time， the nesting score of heterozygous mice （2.21±1.05） was between that of wild-type and homozygous group. Compared with the wild-type and homozygous group， there was no statistical significance （P＞ 0.05）. （2） Three-chamber social test： The data showed that there was no significant difference in the walking distance and walking time of the homozygous knockout mice in the strange mice chamber compared with the empty chamber ［Walking distance （22 395±8 664） mm vs （18 057±3 438） mm； Time （178.5±49.05） s vs （161.1±49.84） s； t=1.612， 0.865 respectively； P＞ 0.05］. The walking distance of the heterozygous group in the strange mice chamber was significantly longer than that in the empty chamber ［（25 454±12 106） mm vs （16 618±7 542） mm； t=2.295； P=0.030］. The walking distance and walking time of the wild-type mice in the strange mice chamber was significantly higher than those in the empty chamber ［（21 358±5 278） mm vs （14 800±4 726） mm， （190.4±70.36） s vs （102.0±32.64） s； t=2.267， 2.573 respectively； P ＜ 0.05］. （3） Sucrose preference test： IL-15Rα knockout mice showed no obvious anorexia. Compared with the sucrose preference ratio of wild-type mice， there was no statistical significance in that of homozygous （80.02±16.59） % and heterozygous （84.84±6.53） % mice （P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusions IL-15Rα knockout mice showed obvious psychiatric disorders like behaviors， including nesting and social dysfunction， but did not show depressiverelated pleasure loss behavior.

Abstract:Objective To preliminarily investigate the effects of low-frequency double dorsal frontal frontal lobe repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） on the function of pre-pulse inhibition （PPI） in auditory startle response of schizophrenia. Methods A total of 35 patients with stable schizophrenia were randomly divided into an rTMS treatment group （n=24） and a control group （n=11） according to the ratio of 2∶1. The two groups received 20 times rTMS true stimuli and false Stimulate treatment respectively. During the treatment， the original antipsychotic drug types and dosages were maintained. The PPI function of patients was measured before and after treatment. Results Before rTMS treatment， there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the control group in all PPI indicators （all P ＞ 0.05）. After rTMS treatment， when the strong and weak stimulation interval was 120 ms， the PPI inhibition rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than before treatment （38.71% vs. 14.29%， P=0.001）， and significantly higher than the control group （11.45%，P=0.007）. The difference in PPI inhibition rate of the control group was not statistically significant before and after rTMS treatment（20.27% vs. 11.45%， P=0.389）. Conclusions Double dorsal frontal lobe low-frequency rTMS treatment can improve the PPI inhibitory function of patients with schizophrenia， and it is worthy of further research.

Abstract:Objective To explore the different characteristics of clinical characteristics and neuroendocrine of the elderly hospitalized patients with acute bipolar and unipolar depression. Methods A total of 60 elderly patients with unipolar depression （unipolar group） and sixty patients with bipolar depression （bipolar group）， with the same structure of gender， age， and education background were collected from June 1， 2018 to September 30， 2019. Self-made questionnaire was used to collect clinical features， neuroendocrine， and Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD）， and Min-mental State Examination （MMSE）. Intergroup univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the influencing factors of the incidence of elder patients with bipolar depression. Results The onset age of patients in the bipolar group ［（43.35±16.04） years］ was smaller than that of the unipolar group ［（54.40±14.36） years］； t=3.975，P＜ 0.01； The total course of disease was longer than that of the unipolar group ［（23.50 （11.25，37.25） years and 7.00 （1.00， 16.75） years； Z=-4.301，P＜ 0.01］. The number of hospital admissions was greater than that of the unipolar group ［（2（1， 3）

Abstract:Objective To explore the influence factors of early neurological deterioration （END） after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and the predictive value of gaze face arm speech time （G-FAST） score in patients with acute ischemic stroke （AIS）. Methods A total of 219 patients with AIS treated with alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College from January 2016 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） was used to evaluate the incidence of END after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of END， and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to analyze the value of each indicator to predict END. Results Among the 219 patients， 43 patients had END， accounting for 19.63%. Age ≥ 60 （OR=1.035，95%CI：1.003-1.236）， history of atrial fibrillation （OR=1.925，95%CI： 1.313-2.685）， coma （OR=2.031，95%CI：1.340-3.026）， NIHSS score ≥ 10 （OR=1.368，95%CI：1.167-2.361） and G-FAST score ≥ 3 （OR=1.509，95%CI：1.368-3.165） were independent risk factors for END （P＜ 0.05）. G-FAST score， NIHSS score and the area under ROC curve combined predicted by them were 0.768， 0.733 and 0.897， respectively. Conclusions There are many factors influencing the occurrence of END after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. G-FAST scale has certain predictive value for END.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-399885 on cognitive and memory impairment in rats with schizophrenia by blocking the HTR6/mTOR pathway. Methods A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： blank control group， schizophrenia model group （SZ group）， SZ+SB-399885 group （10 mg/kg）， positive control group （SZ + risperidone， 0.1 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. The SZ rat model was established using MK-801. The new object discrimination experiment was used to detect the visual recognition memory of rats. The Morris water maze test was used to detect the cognitive ability of rats. The passive avoidance test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of rats. The AChE activity assay kit was used to detect the activity of AChE in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. TUNEL staining method was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of HTR6/mTOR pathway-related proteins in rat hippocampus. Results Both 5-HT6 receptor antagonists SB-399885 and risperidone could significantly improve visual recognition and memory impairment， cognitive impairment and learning and memory impairment in SZ rats （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with SZ group， the hippocampal AChE activity ［（0.008±0.001）μmol/（min·mg）］， the neuronal apoptosis rate （21.75±4.45） %， HTR6 protein expression （0.56±0.10） and mTOR activity （0.41±0.05） in the SZ + SB- 399885 group was significantly reduced （P＜ 0.05）. The AChE activity in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of positive control group rats was significantly reduced （P＜ 0.05）. The neuronal apoptosis rate （19.28±5.22）%， HTR6 protein expression （0.40±0.10）， and mTOR activity （0.33±0.05） were significant decreased （P＜ 0.05） in positive control group. Conclusions The 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-399885 may improve cognitive and memory impairment in schizophrenic rats by blocking the HTR6 / mTOR pathway.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical data and explore the related factors affecting the hospitalization time of children with acute cerebellar ataxia （ACA）. Methods A total of 48 children with ACA who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from July 2017 to December 2019 were included retrospectively. Clinical data were collected and followed up， including general situation， past history， etiology， clinical symptoms， auxiliary examination， treatment plan， sequelae and so on. The factors affecting hospitalization time were analyzed by single factor and multi factor analysis methods. Results After infection， acute cerebellar ataxia was found in 35 （72.9%） of 48 children. The most common infection was respiratory tract infection. The infection time was 4-20 days， with an average of （9.0±3.0） days. There were 22 cases （45.8%） with previous intestinal operation history. All patients were treated with glucocorticoid and followed up for 2 to 6 months. All 48 patients recovered completely. Age （t=-4.359，P ＜ 0.001）， previous operation history （t=-2.173，P ＜ 0.05）， duration of symptoms before admission （t=-4.469，P ＜ 0.001）， fever and other infections at admission （t=-3.363，P＜ 0.05）， severe clinical symptoms （t=-4.415，P＜ 0.001）， cerebrospinal fluid changes （t=-3.853，P ＜ 0.001）， imaging changes （t=-6.609，P ＜ 0.001）， EEG changes （t=-5.139， P ＜ 0.001） and immunoglobulin therapy （t=-9.777， P ＜ 0.001） had significant effect on the time of hospitalization， with statistical significance. Among them， the duration of symptoms before admission （95%CI： 0.009-2.554， t=2.039，P ＜ 0.05） and immunoglobulin treatment （95%CI： 2.582-5.971，t=5.109， P ＜ 0.001） were independent factors. Conclusions The duration of symptoms before admission and the application of immunoglobulin were the influencing factors of the hospitalization time of children with acute cerebellar ataxia.

Abstract:In response to the challenges of traditional psychological interventions in the treatment of substance use disorders， computer and mobile communication technologies are gradually being applied to psychological intervention in this field. According to the theoretical framework and the intervention form carrier， psychotherapy based on computerand mobile communication technology can be divided into multiple types， presenting flexibility， interactivity and modularity. Although the efficacy of computer and mobile communication technology-based psychotherapy has been widely verified in the research， there are still some limitations needed to be further explored. This paper reviews the application of computer and mobile communication technologybased psychotherapy in substance use disorders and discusses the limitations of current research.

Abstract:Refractory depression （TRD） is widespread， but there is no fully accepted definition of TRD. The difference of definitions is mainly in the specific provisions， the core point of view is the same， that is， it is lack of satisfactory effect for one or several adequate antidepressant treatments. At present， the most commonly used definition methods for TRD is two ineffective full dose and full course treatment. This review summarizes the concept of TRD， the different methods used to define TRD and their shortcomings in order to better understand TRD.

Abstract:Modified electroconvulsive therapy （MECT） is an important way of physical therapy in psychiatry， which has a strong effect on treatment-resistant mental disorders. Because of the adverse effects on brain electrical activity and memory function， researchers engaged in improving MECT constantly. This paper reviews the effects of MECT in the treatment of mental disorders from the perspectives of combined use of anesthetics， hyperventilation， adjusted anesthesia-ECT time interval and improved electrical stimulation.

Abstract:Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Its etiology has not been fully clarified. Existing research shows that the interaction between heredity and environment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. In recent years， epigenetics has been found to be closely related to the occurrence and development of depression. This article reviews the epigenetic relationship between DNA methylation， 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and depression， in order to provide new evidence and direction for the etiology and treatment of depression more comprehensively.

Abstract:Parkinsonian-plus syndrome is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system whose main clinical manifestations are Parkinson disease like symptoms such as bradykinesia， postural reflex disorder， and muscle rigidity. It contains many types of diseases， and the lesions often involve multiple body regions. Clinical diagnosis is difficult， and it does not respond well to the anti-Parkinson drugs routinely used in the clinic. This article reviews the research progress of the pathogenesis， clinical characteristics and treatment of Parkinsonian-plus syndrome， in order to provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of the mechanism of Parkinsonian-plus syndrome and individual clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Wake-up stroke （WUS） refers to the stroke which do not have neurological system symptoms during sleep， but is found after waking up， by patients or witnesses. It takes 14.3%-29.6% proportion of acute ischemic stroke. Because of the uncertainty of the onset time， it is usually not suitable for the specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke in time window. In recent years， with the development of multimodality CT （MCT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in the recognition of ischemic stroke infarct and ischemic penumbra， there is increasing evidence that intravenous thrombolysis， mechanical thrombolysis and other treatment regimens benefit WUS patients better. A review of the pathophysiological mechanism， risk factors， clinical and imaging characteristics， and the latest development of treatment plan of WUS is presented in this paper.

Abstract:Autism spectrum disorder（ASD） is a group of highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Genetic factor plays an important role in the pathogenesis， explaining the pathogeny in 25%-35% of children， however， the genetic mechanism is still unclear. Molecular genetics studies have found common and rare copy number or single nucleotide variants in ASD. Mutated genes encoded proteins affect early brain development and interfere with neuronal connections， synaptic formation and function， which may be its pathological mechanism

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