Abstract:Language reflects individual thinking， and language disturbance reflects thought disorder. Automated analysis of language （AAL） is a computational method based on natural language processing and machine learning， which is mainly used to process and understand individual language content. Common indicators include semantic coherence and syntactic complexity. AAL is mainly used to identify schizophrenia and clinical high-risk for psychosis （CHR-P）， and predict the conversion of CHR-P. Research indicates that AAL is sensitive， accurate and objective， and better than clinical rating. This article reviews the common AAL indicators and related applications.

Abstract:Objective To explore the predictive value of BRAIN score combined with the ratio of peripheral blood monocytes to high-density lipoprotein （MHR） in early hematoma enlargement （EHE） of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. Methods The clinical data of 204 patients who completed the first head CT and blood collection within 6 hours of onset from January 2012 to September 2020 in our hospital were collected. The patients were divided into EHE and non-early hematoma enlargement （NEHE） group according to the result of re-examination of CT with 24 hours after onset. The data were analyzed by single factor analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent related factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to analyze the predictive value of BRAIN score combined with MHR， that was， the new BMH score in EHE. Results There were 91 EHE cases （44.61%） and 113 NEHE cases （55.39%） among the 204 patients with ICH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed MHR （OR=3.31， 95%CI=1.17-9.38）， BRAIN score （OR=1.15， 95%CI=1.03-1.28） and GCS score （OR=0.67， 95%CI=0.55-0.82） were independent related factors （P＜ 0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the maximum

Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics of spontaneous neural activities at resting in firstepisode of childhood and adolescent depressive disorder with non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI）. Methods A total of 50 first-episode children and adolescents with depressive disorder， who met the diagnostic criteria of depressive disorder in the fifth edition of American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders （DSM-5） in the mental health center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from February to June 2021 were selected as patient group. According to DSM-5， the patients were evaluated for NSSI behavior and divided into two groups： NSSI group （n=27） and non-NSSI group （n=23）. At the same time， 50 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. All enrolled patients were evaluated with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD24） for depressive symptoms. Low frequency amplitude （ALFF） analysis was used to investigate the characteristics of local spontaneous neural activities at resting in first-episode of childhood and adolescent depressive disorder with NSSI. Results There were statistically significant differences of ALFF values in the left orbitofrontal gyrus， right precuneus， left superior temporal gyrus， left thalamus， right caudate nucleus and right hippocampus in the NSSI group， non-NSSI group and control group （F=-4.54， -4.79， -4.48， 5.35， 4.49， 5.39； P＜ 0.05， GRF correction）. Compared with those in non-NSSI group， the left thalamus and right caudate nucleus showed higher ALFF values， and the right precuneus showed lower ALFF values in NSSI group （t=4.84， 4.76， -6.02； P ＜ 0.05， GRF correction）. Conclusions The local spontaneous neural activity of emotional regulation and self-perception related brain regions （such as left thalamus， right caudate nucleus and precuneus）were abnormal at resting-state in first-episode of childhood and adolescent depressive disorder with NSSI.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of untreated schizophrenic patients with violence， and analyze the correlation between violence and the levels of thyroid hormone and C-reactive protein （CRP）. Methods A total of 130 antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia， who were hospitalized in Tianjin Anding Hospital from November 2017 to December 2019 were recruited. According to the history of violent attack before admission， they were divided into violence group （n=72） and non violence group （n=58）. The positive and negative symptom scale （PANSS） was used to assess the clinical symptoms of the patients. The levels of total triiodothyronine （TT3 ）， total thyroxine （TT4 ）， thyrotropin （TSH） and CRP were measured by peripheral blood. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 professional statistical software. Results No significant differences were found in gender， age， education level， marriage， disease course and family history between the two groups （P ＞ 0.05）. There were no statistical differences in TT4 ［（99.35±25.37） nmol/L vs （93.87±22.38） nmol/L］ and TSH ［1.89 （1.23，2.47） μIU/mL vs 1.75 （1.07，2.62） μIU/ml］ （P＞0.05）. The level of TT3 ［（1.74±0.34） nmol/L vs （1.63±0.24） nmol/L］ and CRP ［1.35 （0.47， 4.49） mg/L vs 0.61 （0.35， 1.33） mg/L］ of the violence group were higher than those of the non violence group， and the differences were statistically significant （P ＜ 0.05）. The differences in excitability/hostility factor ［（16.89±3.59） vs （15. 43±3.34）］ and positive factor ［（17.28±3.91） vs （15.43±3.34）］ of the five dimensions of PANSS were statistically significant （P＜ 0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between TT3 and CRP levels and PANSS five-dimension symptoms in the violence group. After further gender grouping， it was found that only female TT3 levels were positively correlated with excitability/hostility factors （r=0.378， P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Violence may be associated with TT3 and CRP in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Female schizophrenics with higher TT3 levels have higher scores of excitability/hostility factor， and are at greater risk of violence.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma nitric oxide （NO） concentration， nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and cognitive function and clinical symptoms in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods A total of 96 male patients with chronic schizophrenic were selected as the patients group in Lianyungang psychiatric hospitals （The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang， Rehabilitation Hospital of Ganyun District， Psychiatric Hospital of Donghai， Psychiatric Hospital of Guanyun） from January to October 2020. Another 88 healthy male aged from 18 to 60 were recruited from January to October 2020 in Lianyungang as the control group. The plasma nitric oxide （NO） concentration and the activities of primary nitric oxide synthase （cNOS） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were detected. The cognitive function of all the research objects was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS）. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） was used to evaluate the mental symptoms of the patients. Results The level of NO in the patient group was higher than that in the normal group ［（53.1±16.7） μmol/L vs （48.0±16.8） μmol/L］， and the difference was statistically significant （P=0.017）. The activity of cNOS in the patient group was lower than that in the normal group ［（1.3±0.5） U/ml vs （1.6±0.5） U/ml］， with statistical significance （P＜ 0.001）. There was no significant difference in the activity of iNOS between the two groups ［（1.7±0.5） U/ml vs （1.6±0.7） U/ml， P=0.160］. The total score of RBANS and five subscales in the patient group were significantly lower than those in the control group （all P ＜ 0.01）. In the patient group， NO concentration was positively correlated with body mass index （BMI） （r=0.353， P ＜ 0.001）， course of disease （r=0.257， P=0.012）， PANSS positive symptom score （r=0.331， P=0.001）， PANSS general pathological score （r=0.204， P=0.047）， and negatively correlated with age of onset （r=-0.320， P=0.001）， the score of speech function of RBANS （r=-0.281， P=0.005）. There was no significant correlation between the activity of cNOS and iNOS and clinical features， PANSS score and RBANS score in the patient group （all P ＞ 0.05）. There was significant difference in speech function ［（76.1±11.3） vs （68.5±14.3）， P ＜ 0.05］ between low NO concentration group ［（39.6±10.6）μmol/L］ and high NO concentration group ［（66.2±9.5）μmol/L］. Conclusions The cognitive function of chronic male schizophrenia is significantly impaired. The activities of plasma NO and its synthase are abnormal， and there is a correlation between plasma NO and the clinical characteristics of patients， suggesting that the mechanism of oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia.

Abstract:Objective To explore the coping style and general well-being of the main caregivers of schizophrenia patients with violence. Methods The main caregivers of 487 schizophrenic inpatients with violence hospitalized in Chongqing Mental Health Center from January 2014 to December 2016 were selected as the study group by continuous sampling method. The main caregivers of 479 schizophrenic patients without violence matched with the age， gender， years of education and course of disease of violent schizophrenic patients were selected as the control group. The coping style and general well-being of the main caregivers of schizophrenic patients with violence were evaluated by coping style questionnaire （CSQ） and general wellbeing scale （GWB）. Results The total GWB score of the study group was lower than that of the control group ［（101.92±10.43） vs （103.91±11.03）， P ＜ 0.05］. There was significant difference in the GWB scores of caregivers of patients with different violence style ［killing （99.54±11.06）， wounding （100.17±10.23）， smashing （103.03±10.28）， others （103.01±9.78）. There was no significant difference in the scores of various factors of CSQ （P ＞ 0.05）. The scores of withdraw ［（0.68±0.20） vs （0.65±0.21）］ in the study group were higher than those in the control group， while the scores of problem-solving ［（0.68±0.19） vs （0.72±0.18）］， self accusation ［（0.62±0.22） vs （0.65±0.22）， help seeking ［（0.57±0.18） vs （0.64±0.17）］， rationalization ［（0.70±0.22） vs （0.75±0.21）］ were lower than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P＜ 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the GWB score of caregivers with different care relationships. There was significant difference between groups with different care relationships （partner， parent， spring） in problem-solving ［（0.71±0.17）， （0.65±0.20）， （0.78±0.11）］ and help seeking ［（0.60±0.17）， （0.55±0.19）， （0.61±0.13）］， respectively （P＜ 0.05）. There was no significant difference between groups with different care relationships in self blame， fantasy， retreat and rationalization （P ＞ 0.05）. There was a significant positive correlation between the general well-being and problem-solving （r=0.177，P＜ 0.01）， and a negative correlation with fantasy （r=-1.03， P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The main caregivers of schizophrenia with violence had lower general well-being and poor coping style than those without violence. The general well-being of schizophrenic primary caregivers with different violent behaviors was different， and the coping styles of primary caregivers with different care relationships were different. The general well-being of the main caregivers of violent schizophrenia was correlated with coping styles.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation （tDCS） on post-stroke executive dysfunction （PSEI） and its possible mechanism， and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of event-related potential P300 in patients with stroke. Methods A total of 60 patients with PSEI in the rehabilitation department of Xuzhou Central Hospital from November 2020 to May 2021 were randomly divided into stimulation group （n=30） and pseudo stimulation group （n=30）. Each group received routine cognitive rehabilitation training. The stimulation group was given tDCS stimulation， 5 times a week， 20 min each time， for a total of 4 weeks. The pseudo stimulation group was given pseudo stimulation. Executive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale （MoCA）， Digit Span Task （DST）， Stroop Colour Word Test （SCWT）， and Frontal lobe function assessment scale （FAB）. In the meanwhile， P300 was measured. Patients in both groups were evaluated at baseline and immediately after intervention. Results There were no significant differences in MoCA， FAB， SCWT and DST scores between the two groups before treatment （all P＞ 0.05）. After 4 weeks' treatment， MoCA score （19.13±3.01）， FAB score （11.80±1.77）， SCWT score ［word color time （53.09±14.40） s， word color error 2.00 （2.00，4.00）， word meaning interference （25.60±13.34） s］， DST score ［forwords 8.00 （8.00，9.00）， backwards 5.00 （4.00，5.00）］， P300 latency period （333.90±22.96） ms， P300 amplitude （11.03±3.12） μV of the stimulation group were better than those of the pseudo stimulation group ［MoCA score （16.83±3.25）， FAB score （10.30±1.26）， SCWT score： word color time （61.27±15.13）s， word color error 4.00（3.00，5.00）， word meaning interference （33.78±11.26）s， DST score： forwards 7.00 （7.00，8.00）， backwards 3.00 （3.00，4.00）， P300 latency period （354.34±24.15） ms， P300 amplitude （7.98±2.66） μV］. After treatment， MoCA， FAB， SCWT， DST， P300 latency period and P300 amplitude difference in the stimulation group were better than those in the pseudo stimulation group ［MoCA score （6.20±2.04） vs （3.73±1.66）， FAB score （3.90±1.40） vs （2.27±1.17）， SCWT score： word color time 11.13 （8.36，16.45） s vs 2.94 （2.16，5.22） s， word color error 3.00 （2.00，3.00） vs 1.00 （0，1.00）， word meaning interference 8.65 （5.02， 15.57） s vs 3.21 （1.23，5.98） s， DST score： forwards 3.00 （2.00，3.00） vs 1.50 （1.00，2.00）， backwards 2.00 （2.00，2.00） vs 1.00 （1.00，1.00）， P300 latency period （47.62±10.26） ms vs （27.76±7.24） ms， P300 amplitude （5.15±2.06） μV vs （2.81±1.48） μV， all P＜ 0.05］. Conclusions tDCS can improve the executive function of PSEI patients， and the combination of routine rehabilitation training has a better effect on the rehabilitation of PSEI patients than single routine rehabilitation training. As an objective indicator， event-related potential P300 is helpful to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS in patients with PSEI.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） on the children with autism spectrum disorder （ASD） comorbid with sleep disorder. Methods A total of 58 children with ASD who met the diagnostic criteria of American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder， Fifth Edition （DSM-5） were selected through recruitment advertisements published in the Children Outpatient Department and online platform of Tianjin Anding Hospital from October 2018 to June 2021. All selected children were （5.51±1.28） years old， and were divided into the trail group and the control group randomly. The bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） of the participants in the trail group were stimulated with high frequency （10 Hz） on the left + low frequency （1 Hz） on the right， while the participants in the control group received the sham condition with the same stimulating sites & duration. All the participants were intervened for 4 weeks. The childhood autism rating scale （CARS） & Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire （CSHQ） were used to assess the symptoms of ASD before intervention， 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intervention. The data were analyzed by ANOVA of repeated measurement data. Results There was no statistical difference between the two groups on age， gender composition， CARS score and CSHQ score （P ＞ 0.05）. The results of repeated measurement ANOVA showed that in terms of CARS score， there was no significant difference in the main effect of the group （F（1，55）=0.108， P=0.743） and the main effect of the course of treatment （F（2，54）= 0.667， P=0.515）， however， there was statistical significance for the interaction between group and course （F（2，54）=28.757， P ＜ 0.001）. In terms of CSHQ， the differences on the main effect of group （F（1，55）=4.489， P=0.039）， the main effect of the course of treatment （F（2， 54）=7.735， P=0.001）， and the interaction between group and course （F（2， 54）=138.478， P＜ 0.001） were all statistically significant. Through simple effect analysis and further analysis of the interaction between the group and the course of treatment， it was found that the total scores of CARS （pre-intervention vs post-two-week intervention： t=8.328； pre-intervention vs post-fourweek intervention： t=8.375； post-two-week intervention vs post-four-week intervention： t=4.783； P ＜ 0.001） and CSHQ （pre-intervention vs. post-two-week intervention： t=13.257； pre-intervention vs post-four-week intervention： t=25.902； post-two-week intervention vs post-four-week intervention： t=12.840； P ＜ 0.001） in the trail group were compared at different time points， and the differences were statistically significant， while those in the control group were compared at different time points， and the differences were not statistically significant. The scores of the subscales of CSHQ in the trail group improved to varying degrees with the extension of the intervention. Conclusions The protocols of rTMS stimulation （left-side high-frequency + right-side lowfrequency） on bilateral DLPFC of children with ASD could improve the core symptoms and sleep disorder of ASD simultaneously， and it began to take effect as short as two weeks （10 times）.

Abstract:Objective To study the relationship between sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （SAHS） and the severity of vertigo in middle-aged and elderly patients with unexplained vertigo. Methods The middleaged and elderly patients with unexplained vertigo in Shantou Central Hospital or Nanao Branch Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled and were classified into four groups according to their clinical symptoms and results of polysomnography： non SAHS group， mild SAHS group， moderate SAHS group and severe SAHS group. The clinical characteristics of the four groups were compared. The relationship between apnea hypopnea index （AHI）， minimum nocturnal saturation of peripheral oxygen （SpO2 ）， the severity of SAHS， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） score and Dizziness Handicap Inventory （DHI） score were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore the independent factors of DHI score. Results A total of 120 middle-aged and elderly patients with unexplained vertigo were enrolled， including 45 patients without SAHS， 26 patients with mild SAHS， 28 patients with moderate SAHS and 21 patients with severe SAHS. Expect for gender ratio， prevalence of hypertension， total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol， there were significant differences in body mass index （BMI）， AHI， minimum nocturnal SpO2， DHI score and other characteristics among the four groups （P＜ 0.05）. The DHI score was positively correlated with AHI （r=0.896， P＜ 0.001）， the severity of SAHS （r=0.858， P＜ 0.001） and PSQI score （r=0.813， P＜ 0.001）， and negatively correlated with minimum nocturnal SpO2 （r=-0.775， P＜ 0.001）. Multivariate linear regression showed that BMI （β=2.012， P＜0.001）， triglyceride （β=1.771， P=0.001）， diabetes （β=3.243， P=0.032） and the severity of SAHS （β=4.398， P＜ 0.001） were independent factors of DHI score. Conclusions There was a relationship between SAHS and the severity of vertigo in middle-aged and elderly patients with unexplained vertigo.

Abstract:Coenzyme Q10 （CoQ10） is a fat-soluble antioxidant in the human body， which participates in the transmission process of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. At present， a large number of studies have found that CoQ10 has certain treatments in a variety of diseases （such as heart disease and chronic kidney disease， etc.）. In some studies exploring the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases， it has been found that this type of disease is partly related to oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore， in recent years， the therapeutic effect of CoQ10 in neurodegenerative diseases has also received attention， and related cell animal experiments and clinical trials have been reported. This review focuses on the progress of CoQ10 in this field， mainly focusing on Alzheimer disease， Parkinson disease and Huntington disease.

Abstract:Obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） in children and adolescents is characterized by obsessive-compulsive thinking and obsessive-compulsive behavior， with high prevalence， high disability， and difficult treatment. In addition to the commonly used treatment methods such as drug therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy， there are also repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment， traditional Chinese medicine treatment， etc. However， there is a lack of unified treatment standard. This article expounds the main treatment methods of OCD in children and adolescents， which can provide reference for clinical treatment and scientific research and improve the quality of life of patients with OCD.

Abstract:High disability rate and high mortality is one of the main characteristics of acute stroke. Very early activities and rehabilitation after stroke have been considered as an important part of the treatment and nursing of advanced stroke centers. We reviewed the recommendations in guidelines for very early post-stroke activity， the safety and efficacy of relevant intervention studies， the status of implementation， and the status of very early post-stroke activity in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. This review is intended to provide evidence for very early post-stroke activity in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Abstract:Preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is a kind of disease that is difficult to accurately identify in outpatient work. The early recognition and intervention of ADHD have a profound impact on children and their families， which should arouse clinical attention. This paper reviews the current situation of clinical application of auxiliary diagnostic tools for preschool ADHD， to provide ideas for clinical accurate diagnosis and treatment.