Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation between alcohol use and metabolic syndrome （MetS） in male workers. Methods By a cross-sectional research method， from January to December 2016， a random survey of 1 267 male workers in Gaocheng District， Shijiazhuang City， Hebei Province was conducted. According to the MetS diagnostic criteria specified in the 2016 Chinese Adult Dyslipidemia Prevention and Control Guidelines， subjects were divided into the MetS group and the non-MetS group. The general demographic characteristics， alcohol use were collected. The body mass， height， waist， blood pressure， blood lipids and fasting plasma glucose were assessed and recorded. Results The prevalence of MetS among male workers was 14.13% （179 cases）. The age of the MetS group was significantly higher than that of the non-MetS group ［（39.74±10.73） vs （35.44±9.93）， t=-5.03， P ＜ 0.01］. The differences of marital status （χ2 =9.05， P=0.01） and current residence （χ2 =8.12， P ＜ 0.01） were statistically significant between two groups. There were no significant difference on education level （Z=3.60， P=0.06）， industrial structure （χ2 =1.38， P=0.24） and smoking history （χ2 =0.48， P=0.79） between two groups. The drinking time ［（17.62±9.72） years vs （13.59±8.96） years， t=-4.82］， frequency ［4.00 （4.00，12.00） times/month vs 4.00 （1.00，4.00） times/month， Z=11.06］ and alcohol consumption ［5.40 （2.00，9.00） standard cup/day vs 4.00 （2.00，6.00） standard cup/day， Z=4.05］ of the MetS group were higher than those of the non-MetS group. The types of alcohol （χ2 =14.21） and alcohol use classification （χ2 =22.60） were statistically significant between two groups （P ＜ 0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences in proportion of excessive drinking （χ2 =3.68， P=0.06） and family history of alcohol use disorders （χ2 =0.57， P=0.45） between two groups. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=1.03， P ＜ 0.01） and alcohol dependence （OR=2.36， P=0.01） were positively correlated with MetS. Conclusions Age and alcohol dependence are risk factors for metabolic syndrome in male workers.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current situation of non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） in adolescents with mood disorder， and to explore the influence of childhood maltreatment on NSSI. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 101 adolescent patients with mood disorders aged from 13 to 19 years who were treated in the outpatient and inpatient department of Beijing Anding Hospital from December 2020 to May 2021， using the self-made general information questionnaire， Childhood Trauma Questionnaire （CTQ） and NSSI questionnaire to evaluate the childhood maltreatment experiences and NSSI. According the history of NSSI， the patients were divided into two groups： the NSSI group （n=53） and the nonNSSI group （n=48）. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the impact of childhood maltreatment on NSSI in adolescents with mood disorder. Results The proportion of NSSI in adolescents with mood disorders was 52.47% （53/101）. Compared with the non-NSSI group， the incidence of emotional abuse ［50.94%（27/53） vs 20.83%（10/48）］， physical abuse ［33.96%（18/53） vs 16.67%（8/48）］ and emotional neglect ［60.38%（32/53） vs 33.33%（16/48）］ was higher in the NSSI group， and the differences were statistically significant （χ2 =9.837、3.942、7.387， P ＜ 0.05）. There were no significant differences in age， gender， education level， only child or not， body mass index （BMI）， whether or not continuous course of disease， whether or not first-episode， family history of psychiatric disorders，whether or not parents divorced， and disease diagnosis of patients in two groups （P ＞ 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age， gender， and diagnosis， emotional abuse was significantly associated with NSSI in adolescents with mood disorders （OR=3.794， 95%CI：1.510-9.532， P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The early experience of emotional abuse may be related to NSSI in adolescents with mood disorders， and targeted treatment strategies should be developed for this group to improve the prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of γ- aminobutyric acid （GABA） synthase glutamate decarboxylase 2 （GAD2） gene polymorphism loci and Tourette syndrome （TS）. Methods 101 children with TS who met the diagnostic criteria of the fourth edition of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders （DSM- Ⅳ） in the outpatient or inpatient department of Beijing Anding Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2013 to March 2017 were recruited. The peripheral blood of 101 children with TS and their biological parents were collected and DNA was extracted. The SNP loci was genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Using genetic analysis statistical software Plink 1.07 transmission disequilibrium test （TDT） was performed to evaluate whether TS is associated with the study site. Results TDT analysis showed there was no transmission disequilibrium between GAD2 gene SNP loci rs992990， rs3781108， rs2236418， rs7908975 polymorphism and TS （P＞ 0.05）. Conclusions There was no relationship between GAD2 gene SNP loci rs992990， rs3781108， rs2236418， rs7908975 and TS.

Abstract:Objective To explore the association between Internet addiction and depression among adolescents， as well as the mediating effects of anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation. Methods An on-site questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 751 students selected from five public junior middle schools in Shanghai from December 2015 to January 2016 by using the Internet Addiction Assessment Scale， Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7， Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results The detection rate of depression was 22.2% （610/2 751）， and depression symptoms were more common among students in higher grades and poorer families （P ＜ 0.05）. The results of correlation analysis showed that Internet addiction， depression， anxiety， and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were significantly positively correlated， with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.354-0.755 （all P ＜ 0.01）. The structural equation model （SEM） indicated that anxiety and maladaptive strategies played parallel mediating roles between Internet addiction and depression. The non-standardized indirect effect values of anxiety and nonadaptive strategies are 0.340 and 0.031， respectively， and the mediating effect of the two accounts for 91.64% and 8.36% of the total indirect effect. Various fit measures indicate that the mediation effect model fits well. （χ2/DF=1.035， GFI=0.975， AGFI=0.939， RMSEA=0.004， TLI=0.999， CFI=0.999， NFI=0.975， IFI=0.999， RFI=0.967）. Conclusions Adolescent Internet addiction can predict depression， and it can also play an indirect role through anxiety and non adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the status of post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） in patients with recurrent intracranial aneurysms after interventional embolization and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods A total of 290 patients with recurrent intracranial aneurysms after interventional embolization who received therapy in the First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. The PTSD status was evaluated by Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale （PTSD-SS）， and the total score and incidence of PTSD were counted. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） and General Quality of Life-74 （GQOLI-74） were used to evaluate the sleep quality and quality of life. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the total PTSD-SS score， the total PSQI score， and the total GQOLI-74 score. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD in patients with recurrent intracranial aneurysms after interventional embolization. Results The total PTSD score of patients with recurrent intracranial aneurysms after interventional embolization was 44.00 （41.00， 49.00） points， and the incidence of PTSD was 24.8% （72/290）. The total PTSD-SS score was positively correlated with the total PSQI score （r=0.418） and negatively correlated with the total GQOLI-74 score （r=-0.466）. The differences were both statistically significant （both P ＜ 0.05）. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age less than 60 years old， no spouse， family monthly income less than or equal to 10 000 yuan， combined anxiety， low level of social support and large aneurysm recurrence were the risk factors for PTSD in patients with recurrent intracranial aneurysms after interventional embolization （OR=17.346，2.447，3.740，4.981， 2.554，5.004； all P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Patients with recurrent intracranial aneurysms after interventional embolization have a high incidence of PTSD， which is related to sleep quality and quality of life. Age less than 60 years old， no spouse， family monthly income less than or equal to 10 000， combined anxiety， low level of social support and large aneurysm recurrence are the risk factors of PTSD in patients with recurrent intracranial aneurysm after interventional embolization.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the value of adiponectin level in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 141 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology， the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from October 2018 to April 2020 were enrolled by cluster sampling method. The patients were divided into cognitive impairment group （n=73） and non-cognitive impairment group （n=68） for comparative analysis. Peripheral venous blood was taken from the patient in the morning after admission， and serum adiponectin levels were measured for comparison between groups. The neurological deficit and cognitive impairment were analyzed by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale （MoCA）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between MoCA score and serum adiponectin level in patients with acute cerebral infarction. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was drawn to analyze the value of serum adiponectin level in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction. Results There was no significant difference in baseline data and NIHSS score between the two groups （P ＞ 0.05）. The MoCA score and serum adiponectin level of patients with cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction were significantly lower than those without cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction （P ＜ 0.01）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between MoCA score and serum adiponectin level in patients with acute cerebral infarction （r=0.411，P ＜ 0.05）. Patients with cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction were divided into lacunar cerebral infarction group （n=51）， small area cerebral infarction group （n=11） and large area cerebral infarction group （n=11）. There was no significant difference in the level of serum adiponectin among the three groups （P ＞ 0.05）， but the level of serum adiponectin decreased with the expansion of cerebral infarction area. The area under the ROC curve of serum adiponectin level in predicting cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction was 0.694 （95%CI=0.607- 0.781， P＜ 0.05）， and the sensitivity and specificity were 48.5% and 84.9% respectively. Conclusions The level of adiponectin in patients with cognitive impairment of acute cerebral infarction is low. The level of serum adiponectin can provide certain diagnostic value for cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction

Abstract:Objective To investigate the relation between the expression levels of serum 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanine （8-OHdG）， macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MIF） and the cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 50 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the Mental Health Center of Shiyan Taihe Hospital from September 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the trail group. At the same time， 50 health people who underwent physical examination in the outpatient clinic of Shiyan Taihe Hospital were selected as the control group. In both groups， fasting venous blood samples were collected from the patients， and the levels of 8-OHdG and MIF in the serum of the two groups were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the two groups. The clinical symptoms of the two groups were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）. Results The level of serum 8-OHdG in the trail group （59.33±10.58） ng/L was significantly higher than that of the control group （26.17±8.45） ng/L （t=3.692， P=0.003）； the expression level of MIF showed the same pattern with 8-OHdG （t=2.451， P=0.018）， and the concentration of 8-OHdG and MIF in the serum of the trail group was significantly positively correlated （r=0.854， P=0.003）. In addition， the cognitive function of the trail group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The level of serum 8-OHdG in the trail group was positively correlated with the total score of PANSS （r=0.549， P=0.015） and the positive symptom score （r=0.476， P=0.032）. However， the level of MIF was positively correlated with the total score of PANSS （r=0.418， P=0.038） and negative symptom score （r=0.196， P=0.057） . The expression levels of serum 8-OHdG （r=0.673， P=0.005） and MIF （r=0.421， P=0.028） were positively correlated with working and memory abilities in the MCCB cognitive function test. Conclusions It can be seen that the expression levels of serum 8-OHdG and MIF in patients with schizophrenia are significantly increased， and there is a strong correlation between the clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction of the patients.

Abstract:An increasing number of studies have confirmed ketamine can exert a robust and rapid onset of antidepressant effect. Most of the current clinical evidences were from studies in adult patients， while the efficacy and safety of ketamine have not been sufficiently evaluated in adolescent treatment-resistant depression （TRD）. The aim of this study was to review the research progress of ketamine in the acute treatment of adolescent TRD， aiming to provide a basis for ketamine's clinical application in adolescent patients.

Abstract:Subthreshold depression refers to a kind of depression that the patient has not yet reached major depressive disorder， but has clinically significant depressive symptoms. Subthreshold depression has a high incidence， and its pathological mechanism is still unclear. At present， there is no specific treatment for subthreshold depression. Clinicians mainly apply the methods of treating depression to treat patients with subthreshold depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been proved to be an effective way to treat depression. Meanwhile， a number of research has found that it is also effective in treating subthreshold depression. This paper reviews studies on cognitive-behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression， and summarizes the mechanisms of different approaches for subthreshold depression

Abstract:Previous studies have suggested that borderline personality disorder may be related to childhood trauma experience. Childhood abuse and bullying events seriously affect the development and prognosis of the disease. This article expounds the influence of childhood trauma on the pathogenesis， clinical characteristics， treatment and prognosis of borderline personality disorder， so as to provide basis for further exploring the pathogenic factors of borderline personality disorder.

Abstract:Osteoporosis is a common side effect of antipsychotic drugs. Osteoporosis is a systemic progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density， resulting in increased bone fragility， deformity， and fracture. The use of certain antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone can lead to hyperprolactinemia， and high levels of prolactin can affect bone metabolism by stimulating bone resorption and reducing sex hormone levels. However hyperprolactinemia theory has certain limitation. This paper reviews the possible ways of the effects of psychotropic drugs on bone metabolism from three aspects： the changes of human bone metabolism indexes， the changes of bone mass in animals and the effects on osteoblasts， in order to improve the understanding of the relationship between antipsychotics and abnormal bone metabolism， and provide clues for reducing osteoporosis caused by antipsychotics in clinic.

Abstract:The pathogenesis of depressive disorder is complex. The disorder of Kynurenine pathway （KP） may be associated with the formation of depressive disorder. KP metabolites， such as kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid， have been confirmed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of depressive disorder. The study of metabolites in this pathway may provide objective diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of depressive disorder. This article reviews the research progress on the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorder and KP metabolic disorder.

Abstract:Parkinson disease patients often have cognitive impairment in the middle and late stage of the disease， which seriously affects their social function and quality of life. According to the differences in motor symptoms， Parkinson disease patients can be divided into motor types. There are differences in the incidence of cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment in different motor subtypes， among which the neurotransmitter network disorder plays a key role. This paper reviews the research of neurotransmitter network on motor subtypes and cognitive function in Parkinson disease in recent years， and reviews the classification of motor subtypes in Parkinson disease， the correlation between different motor subtypes and cognitive impairment， and neurotransmitter theory.

Abstract:A growing number of studies have found that NLRP3 inflammatory bodies involved in pyroptosis plays a role in reducing the neuroinflammatory response and delaying the progression of neurodegenerative disease when being inhibited starting or activated. Therefore， this article reviews the recent research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome dependent pyroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases.