Abstract:Depressive disorder is a common mental illness in children and adolescents， which brings a huge burden to families and society. Children and adolescents with depressive disorder have varying degrees of impairment in cognitive functions such as executive function， attention， learning and memory， and information processing speed， which can affect their growth， treatment effectiveness， education， and social functions. This paper reviews the cognitive impairment characteristics of different dimensions in children and adolescents with depressive disorder from the perspective of neuropsychological tests， providing reference for early identification， intervention and treatment， and improving prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the performance of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation （ALFF） in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of escitalopram in patients with depressive dissorder based on functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） technology. Methods From April 2017 to June 2021， 87 patients with depressive disorder who visited the Outpatient Department of Beijing Anding Hospital， Capital Medical University were selected as the research subject. All patients received 12 weeks of treatment with escitalopram. The efficacy was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items （HAMD-17） at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Patients with a post-treatment score of ≤ 7 points were included in the remission group （n=42）， while those with a score greater than 7 points were included in the non-remission group （n=45）. During the baseline period， fMRI scans were performed on two groups of patients and ALFF values were calculated. The brain regions with differences in ALFF values between the two groups were compared. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the association between ALFF values in different brain regions and HAMD-17 scores. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to test the performance of differential brain region ALFF values in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of escitalopram. Results The baseline ALFF values of the bilateral calcarine gyrus/cuneiform gyrus and right lingual gyrus/parahippocampal gyrus in the non-remission group were higher than those in the remission group， and the difference was statistically significant （PFWE＜ 0.05）. The ALFF values of different brain regions were positively correlated with the HAMD-17 score of patients after 12 weeks of treatment （P＜ 0.05）， and negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score reduction rate （P＜ 0.05）， and the differences were statistically significant. ROC curve analysis showed that the comprehensive prediction of the treatment efficacy of escitalopram was best based on the ALFF values of two different brain regions in the bilateral calcarine gyrus/cuneiform gyrus and right lingual gyrus/parahippocampal gyrus， with an area under the curve of 82.6%， sensitivity of 60.0%， and specificity of 95.2%. Conclusions The baseline local brain functional activity characteristic of depressive dissorder patients can serve as the potential marker to predict the efficacy of antidepressants， while enhanced functional activity in the visual network brain region may be a predictive factor for the poor therapeutic efficacy of escitalopram.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the differences in serum lipid levels and clinical symptoms among hospitalized elderly depressive dissorder patients of different genders who were at risk of suicide during the acute phase. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. From July 2021 to December 2022， 143 elderly inpatients with acute depressive dissorder at risk of suicide at Beijing Anding Hospital， Capital Medical University were selected as the study subject， with 63 males and 80 females. This study collected general information and compared the anxiety and depression of patients of different genders using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale （HAMA） and the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD-24）. This study compared the levels of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， cortisol， total thyroxine （TT4 ）， total triiodothyronine （TT3 ）， free triiodothyronine （FT3 ）， free thyroxine （FT4 ）， thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in patients of different genders. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum lipid levels and HAMD-24 and HAMA scores in patients of different genders. Results The proportion of divorced/ widowed female patients was higher than that of male patients ［32.50% （26/80） vs 7.94% （5/63）］， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2 =12.525， P＜0.001）. The weight loss factor score ［0 （0， 2.00） vs 0 （0， 1.00）］， total HAMD-24 score ［31.00 （28.00， 36.00） vs 28.00 （25.25， 33.75）］， somatic anxiety factor score ［8.00 （6.00， 11.00） vs 6.00 （4.00， 8.00）］， and total HAMA score ［23.00 （20.00， 27.00） vs 21.00 （19.00， 25.00）］ of male patients were higher than those of female patients， and the differences were statistically significant （all P＜ 0.05）. The levels of TC ［（4.30±1.05） vs （4.97±0.96） mmol/L］， HDL-C ［（1.18±0.30） vs （1.29±0.28） mmol/L］， LDC-C ［（2.70±0.81） vs （3.16±0.75） mmol/L］， and TG ［1.09 （0.87， 1.46） vs 1.45 （1.09， 2.02） mmol/L］ in male patients were lower than those in female patients， and the differences were statistically significant （all P＜ 0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the levels of TC， LDL-C， TG in male patients were negatively correlated with the despair factor score in HAMD， and the differences were statistically significant （r=-0.280， -0.341， -0.312； P＜ 0.05）. There was no correlation between the levels of serum lipid and HAMD and HAMA scores in female patients （all P＞ 0.05）. Conclusions Compared with female patients， male elderly patients with acute depression at risk of suicide have more severe clinical symptoms and lower serum lipid levels， and serum lipid levels are negatively correlated with clinical symptoms.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influence of anxiety on pain intensity and sensitivity in comorbidity of depressive disorder and chronic pain. Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey. From September 2021 to June 2023， 108 patients with depressive disorder who received outpatient and inpatient treatment at the Anhui Mental Health Center were selected as the research subject. Patients were divided into a comorbid group （52 cases） and a non-comorbid group （56 cases） based on whether there was comorbid chronic pain. During the same period， 48 healthy individuals were recruited from the public to be included in the control group. Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） and Beck Depression Inventory （BDI-Ⅱ） were used to investigate anxiety and depression symptoms in two groups of patients. Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）， Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale （PI-NRS）， and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire （PSQ） were used to investigate cognitive function， pain severity， and pain sensitivity among three groups of participants. Multiple linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve were used to analyze the impact of anxiety on pain intensity and sensitivity in comorbidity of depression and chronic pain. Results The total MoCA scores of the two groups of patients were lower than those of the control group， the PSQ-total scores and PSQ-minor scores of the comorbid group were higher than those of the control group， and the total BAI scores， physical anxiety scores， psychological anxiety scores， BDI- Ⅱ scores， and PI-NRS scores of the comorbid group were higher than those of the non-comorbid group， and the differences were statistically significant （all P＜ 0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that physical anxiety was a factor influencing pain intensity in comorbidity of depressive disorder and chronic pain， and psychological anxiety was a factor influencing PSQ-minor， PSQ-moderate， and PSQ-total， and the differences were statistically significant （all P ＜ 0.01）. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve for predicting pain severity and sensitivity in comorbidity of depressive disorder and chronic pain based on BAI total score was 0.916， with an optimal critical value of 0.416， sensitivity of 0.885， and specificity of 0.875. Conclusions The anxiety of patients with comorbidities of depressive disorder and chronic pain is positively correlated with pain intensity and sensitivity. The severity of anxiety is a factor influencing the intensity and sensitivity of pain in comorbidity of depressive disorder and chronic pain.

Abstract:Depressive disorder is a common psychosocial disease with a high incidence in worldwide， and its etiology and pathogenesis are complex. Recent studies have found that the nuclear transcription factor c-Myc may play a certain role in the occurrence and progression of depressive disorder. Starting from the pathological mechanism of depressive disorder and combining with modern molecular biology， this paper systematically summarizes and explores the association between c-Myc and depressive disorder， aiming to elucidate the role of c-Myc in progression of depressive disorder and provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of depressive disorder.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current situation of internet addiction among adolescents in Minhang District， Shanghai， and analyze the risk level of internet addiction among adolescents of different school stages and genders. Methods From April to May 2023， students in the third and/or fourth grades of three primary schools， one second grade of junior high school， and one first grade of high school in Minhang District， Shanghai were selected as the research subject by cluster random sampling method. This study collected general information of adolescents and compared the differences in internet addiction among adolescents of different school stages and genders using the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale （CIAS-R）.Univariate and ordered Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of adolescent internet addiction. A total of 1 284 questionnaires were distributed offline， and 1 044 valid questionnaires were collected， with a valid response rate of 81.3%. Results In the adolescents， the total detection rate of internet dependency was 5.9% （62/1 044）， and the total detection rate of internet addiction was 2.9% （30/1 044）. The detection rate of internet dependency among primary school students was 4.0% （27/672）， and the detection rate of internet addiction was 1.6% （11/672）. The detection rate of internet dependency among middle school students was 9.4% （35/372）， and the detection rate of internet addiction was 5.1% （19/372）. There was a statistically significant difference in the level of internet addiction among primary and middle school students （χ2 =23.816， P＜ 0.001）. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of internet addiction among adolescents of different genders （P＞ 0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the total score of CIAS-R， the scores of the core symptoms of internet addiction subscale， the scores of the internet addiction related problems subscale， and the scores of the four factors among adolescents of different school stages and genders （all P ＜ 0.05）. In the primary school students， there were statistically significant differences in the level of internet addiction， total CIAS-R score， two subscale score， and four factor score among adolescents of different genders （all P ＜ 0.05）. In the male population， there were statistically significant differences in the total CIAS-R score， two subscale score， and four factor score among adolescents from different school stages （all P＜ 0.05）. In the female population， there were statistically significant differences in the level of internet addiction， total CIAS-R score， two subscale score， and four factor score among adolescents of different school stages （all P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that middle school stage was a risk factor for adolescent internet addiction ［OR=2.852， 95%CI=（1.842， 4.410）， P ＜ 0.001］. Among primary school students， male gender was a risk factor for internet addiction ［OR=3.593， 95%CI （1.622， 7.956）， P=0.002］. In the female population， middle school stage was a risk factor for internet addiction ［OR=7.106， 95%CI （3.152， 16.023）， P ＜ 0.001］. The above differences were statistically significant. Conclusions The level of internet addiction among primary and middle school students in Minhang District， Shanghai is the highest among male and female students in middle schools， followed by male students in primary schools， and female students in primary schools have the lowest level of internet addiction.

Abstract:Objective To identify the risk factors of poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients by Meta-analysis. Methods The system searched for relevant studies on the factors affecting the recovery of swallowing disorders in stroke patients published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure， Wanfang Database， VIP， China Biomedical Literature Database， PubMed， Cochrane Library， and Embase Database as of December 2022. The included literature was subjected to Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Results A total of 22 studies were included， with a sample size of 4 248 cases. The Metaanalysis results showed that age ≥ 70 years （OR=1.53， 95%CI：1.29-1.80）， National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score ≥ 8 （OR=2.36， 95%CI：1.53-3.63）， Modified Rankin Scale （mRS） score ＞ 0 （OR=1.71， 95%CI： 1.40-2.09）， bilateral stroke （OR=4.85， 95%CI：2.62-8.97）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL） level ≥ 3 mg/L （OR=3.70， 95%CI：2.46-5.56）， cognitive impairment （OR=6.23， 95%CI：0.98- 39.58）， aspiration （OR=4.47， 95%CI：3.28-6.11）， and tracheal intubation （OR=2.70， 95%CI：1.58-4.63） are risk factors for poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients （P＜ 0.05）. Body Mass Index （BMI） ＞ 18.5 kg/m2 （OR=0.76， 95%CI：0.67-0.86）， Barthel index （BI）＞ 60 （OR=0.37， 95%CI：0.22-0.62）， and Functional Independence Assessment （FIM） score ＞ 20 （OR=0.96， 95%CI：0.94-0.99） are protective factors for poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Older age， higher NIHSS score， bilateral infarction， lower BMI， higher mRS score， lower BI， lower FIM score， higher LDL， cognitive disorder， aspiration， intubation duration are risk factors for poor swallowing function recovery in stroke patients. Clinical management measures for swallowing disorder patients can be improved by combining these influencing factors.

Abstract:Panic disorder is a common mental disorder often accompanied by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability is an important indicator for evaluating autonomic nervous system function， and a reduction in this indicator is considered a manifestation of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This paper summarizes the differences in heart rate variability between patients with panic disorder and healthy individuals， other anxiety disorder patients， and cardiovascular disease patients， and reviews the effects of medication and psychotherapy on heart rate variability in patients with panic disorder， aiming to provide reference for effective treatment of panic disorder.

Abstract:Changes in cerebral hemodynamics play an important role in the process of vascular cognitive impairment， cerebral hemodynamics are influenced by changes in cerebral blood flow， vascular pulsation， intracranial pressure， intracranial compliance， cerebral perfusion pressure， and autoregulation. When cerbral blood flow hypoperfusion， arteriosclerosis， and imbalance of neurovascular units occur， the clinical manifestation is cognitive impairment. At present， clinical diagnosis and treatment can rely on ultrasound， functional near-infrared spectroscopy， brain computed tomography perfusion， magnetic resonance imaging， positron emisson tomography to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics. This paper explores the pathophysiological mechanisms， clinical evaluation techniques， clinical characteristics， and treatment interventions of cognitive impairment caused by changes in cerebral hemodynamics， aiming to deepen the understanding of this disease among clinical physicians， search for reliable predictive indicators， and identify high-risk individuals for early intervention.

Abstract:Cognition refers to the complex process in which the human brain transforms external information into internal psychological activities in order to acquire and apply knowledge. Since the proposal of "cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome" by Schmahmann and Sherman in 1998， research on cerebellar cognitive function has received increasing attention. This article reviews relevant research both domestically and internationally， and explores the role and mechanism of the cerebellum in cognitive neural networks from three perspectives： the anatomy and cognitive function of the cerebellum， the neural network mechanism of the cerebellum， and the inability to connect intersecting cerebellar neural functions. The aim is to improve our understanding of the cerebellum's involvement in cognitive function

Abstract:Antibiotic related mental disorders manifest as various acute and chronic psychobehavioral abnormalities that antibiotics may induce， including visual hallucinations， delusions， mania， delirium， depression， autism spectrum disorder， attention deficit hyperactivity disorder， etc. At present， the specific effects and mechanisms of antibiotics on mental behavior have not been elucidated. This article explores the pathogenesis and research progress of antibiotic related mental disorders， aiming to deepen clinical physicians'understanding of such diseases and aid with early prevention and treatment of diseases

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