Abstract:In recent years， it has been considered that schizophrenia is a disorder of brain functional connectivity. The functional connectivity refers to the statistical temporal correlation of low-frequency fluctuations between different regions of the brain. As a serious mental disease， early-onset schizophrenia also has changes in brain function connection. However， the relationship between early-onset schizophrenia and brain function connection is still not clear， making it a hot research topic in recent years. The resting state of brain function reflects the pattern of brain activity in a resting state. With the continuous advancement of brain functional connectivity analysis methods， the functional connectivity of resting brain network provides important technical support for understanding and identifying schizophrenia， establishing diagnostic models of schizophrenia， and improving the prognosis of patients. This article aims to review the changes in resting-state brain network functional connectivity and brain functional connectivity in early-onset schizophrenia， as well as the correlation between brain functional connectivity and core symptoms in early-onset schizophrenia， in order to provide ideas and references for understanding the physiological mechanism of early-onset schizophrenia and exploring therapeutic targets.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influencing factors of self-stigma in adolescents with mood disorders and the chain mediating role of self-esteem and depression symptoms between childhood trauma and self-stigma. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 220 adolescents with mood disorders at Wuhu Hospital of Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from November 2022 to November 2023 for the study. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale （ISMI）， Beck Depression Inventory （BDI）， Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale （RSES）， and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form （CTQ-SF） were used to assess patients' self-stigma， depressive symptoms， self-esteem， and childhood trauma. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing self-stigma in adolescents with mood disorders， and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between self-stigma， depressive symptoms， self-esteem， and childhood trauma. Mediating effects were tested using the Model6 of the SPSS PROCESS macro program. Results A total of 220 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 204 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 92.7%. According to the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10， the patients were classified into the depression disorder group （n=126） and the depressive episode of bipolar disorder group （n=78）. ISMI， BDI， RSES and CTQ-SF scores of 204 adolescents with mood disorders were （74.44±14.45）， （20.08±8.54）， （20.62±5.34）， （57.02±14.88）， respectively. The patients' ISMI total scores were positively correlated with their BDI total scores and CTQ-SF total scores， and the differences were statistically significant （r=0.741，0.573； all P＜ 0.01）. RSES total score showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the ISMI total score， BDI total score， and CTQ-SF total score （r=-0.759，-0.755， and -0.491； all P＜ 0.01）. In the group of adolescents with depressive disorders， self-esteem and depressive symptoms played a chain-mediating role between childhood trauma and self-stigma， with a mediating effect value of 0.27， which accounted for 55% of the total effect size. In the group of adolescents with depressive episodes of bipolar disorder， childhood trauma did not directly predict self-stigma ［direct effect=0.15， 95%CI （-0.03， 0.32）］， and the mediating effect was only statistically significant for one pathway： childhood trauma → self-esteem → self-stigma ［indirect effect=0.33， 95%CI （0.17， 0.51）］. Conclusions Frequency of hospitalization， duration of disease， severity of depressive symptoms， childhood trauma， and self-esteem are associated with self-stigma in adolescents with mood disorders. Childhood trauma in adolescents with depressive disorders can affect self-stigma directly or indirectly through the chain-mediating effects of self-esteem and depressive disorder. Childhood trauma in adolescents with depressive episodes of bipolar disorder can affect self-stigma only through the mediating role of self-esteem.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of embodied emotion training and the emotion training of social cognitive interaction training on emotion recognition in schizophrenic patients. Methods A total of 45 patients with schizophrenia in Xilingol League Anshen Hospital from January to April 2022 were selected for the study. The randomized numerical table method was used to divide study subjects into 15 cases in embodied emotion group， 15 cases in emotion training group and 15 cases in blank control group. The intervention was carried out for a period of five weeks， three times per week. Among them, the embodied emotion group received embodied emotion training, the emotion training group received emotion training, and the blank control group did not receive any intervention. Before and after treatment， patients' emotion recognition skills were assessed using the Emotion Recognition Task. Friedman ANOVA was used to compare the differences in correct emotion recognition rates on pre- and post-tests between the three groups， and a repeated-measures analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations modeling to analyze the correct emotion recognition rates of the three groups of patients. Results Friedman ANOVA showed that the median correct posttest rate of patients in emotion training group in positive mood faces （0.95） was higher than that in the pretest （0.80）， and the difference was statistically significant （Z=5.333， P＜ 0.05）. The median correct posttest rate of patients in emotion training group in negative mood faces （0.80） was higher than that in the pretest （0.55）， and the difference was statistically significant （Z=14.000， P＜ 0.05）. The median correct posttest rate of patients in blank control group in negative emotional faces （0.50） was lower than that of the pretest （0.70）， and the difference was statistically significant （Z=8.067， P＜ 0.05）. Generalized estimating equation modeling revealed a significant level of the time × group effect in the neutral and negative emotion valences （Wald χ2 =11.631， P＜ 0.05； Wald χ2 =49.740， P＜ 0.05）. Further analysis of separate effects showed higher correct rates after training than before training in both positive and negative emotion valences （both P ＜ 0.05）. Separate effect analysis by group suggested that embodied emotion training group had higher correct rate than blank control group in the neutral emotion valence （P＜0.05）. Conclusions The emotion training of social cognitive interaction training can improve emotion recognition in schizophrenia， and embodied emotion training can maintain patients' neutral emotion recognition and avoid the tendency of decline.

Abstract:Objective To explore the differences in leukocyte inflammatory pathway and antioxidant pathway related protein expression levels from patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorder. Methods From December 2021 to December 2023， 20 patients with schizophrenia （schizophrenia group）， 20 patients with depressive disorder （depressive disorder group） of the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of Xi'an Chang'an Hospital and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University， and 20 healthy people in the Physical Examination Center （healthy control group） were selected as subjects of the study. Venous blood was collected from the three groups of study subjects and centrifuged to collect leukocyte precipitates. Western blotting was used to detect leukocyte inflammatory pathway related proteins ［interleukin-1 receptor antagonist （IL-1Ra）， extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 （Erk1/2）， nuclear factor-κappaB （NF-κB）， P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （P38 MAPK）］ and antioxidant pathway related proteins ［heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， nuclear factor red lineage 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 （Keap1）， superoxide dismutase 1 （SOD1）］. protein （HO-1）， nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， and gene superoxide dismutase 1 （SOD1）］ levels. Results The differences in the expression levels of IL-1Ra， P38 MAPK， Erk1/2， HO-1， Nrf2， SOD1， were statistically significant in the three groups （all P ＜ 0.05）. The differences in NF-κB and Keap1 expression levels were not statistically significant （all P ＞ 0.05）. Two-by-two comparisons showed that compared with healthy control group， IL-1Ra and HO-1 expression levels were decreased in depressive disorder group （t=7.33，4.88， all P＜ 0.01）， and the expression levels of P38 MAPK and Erk1/2 were elevated （t=4.51， 4.47； all P ＜ 0.05）， and in schizophrenia group， IL-1Ra， HO-1， Nrf2， and SOD1 expression levels were decreased （t=10.93， 6.65， 4.70， and 3.24； all P ＜ 0.05）， and P38 MAPK expression levels were increased （t=4.27， P＜ 0.01）. Compared with depressive disorder group， schizophrenia group showed a decreased IL-1Ra expression level， and the difference was statistical difference （t=4.10， P＜ 0.01）. Conclusions Differences in the expression levels of leukocyte inflammatory （IL-1Ra， Erk1/2， P38 MAPK） and antioxidant pathway related proteins （HO-1， Nrf2， SOD1） are found in healthy populations， schizophrenia， and depressive disorder

Abstract:Schizophrenia is a common severe mental disorder， and varying degrees of cognitive impairment are present in the majority of people with schizophrenia. However， the physiological and behavioral functions underlying cognitive impairment and the mechanisms for improving and enhancing cognitive performance are unknown. Recent studies have indicated that abnormalities in sleep spindles may be closely related to cognitive impairment. Deficient spindles may lead to cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia by altering memory consolidation， reasoning， and executive abilities. Elucidating the correlation between spindles and cognitive function may provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Abstract:Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with unknown etiology. The etiology of schizophrenia has always been a key research direction in psychiatry. Nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein （NOS1AP） is an adaptor protein that regulates neuronal function through the N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NMDAR / neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） pathway. In recent years， more and more evidence has shown that NOS1AP plays a certain role in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. This article reviews the correlation between NOS1AP and schizophrenia， as well as its mechanism in schizophrenia， in order to further explore the role of NOS1AP in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia and provide ideas for the treatment of schizophrenia patients.

Abstract:Objective To explore the family influencing factors of self-injury suicide behavior in adolescents with mood disorders. Methods From December 2020 to December 2021， 137 adolescents with mood disorders in Beijing Anding Hospital， Capital Medical University were selected for the study. The General Information Questionnaire， Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Questionnaire （ANSAQ）， Barratt Impulsiveness Scale （BIS）， Family Assessment Device （FAD）， and Short-Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran （s-EMBU） were used to assess the patients' non-suicidal self-injury behaviors， impulsive personality traits， problems with family functioning， and quality of parenting style. Patients were categorized into no-suicidal self-injury group （n=46） and self-injury suicide group （n=91） based on whether or not they had self-injury suicide behavior in the past year. Factors influencing self-injury suicide behavior were analyzed using binomial Logistic regression. Results There were more patients ≤ 16 years of age in self-injury suicide group than in no-suicidal self-injury group， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2 =3.967， P=0.046）. Compared with no-suicidal self-injury group， patients in self-injury suicide group had higher BIS motor impulsivity scores ［（29.44±7.23） vs. （24.96±7.06）］， s-EMBU rejection subscale maternal and paternal scores ［（11.52±5.08） vs. （9.53±3.36）， and （11.08±4.51） vs. （9.50±3.81）］ with statistically significant differences （t=3.436， 2.380， 1.989； P ＜ 0.05）. Compared to no-suicidal self-injury group， self-injury suicide group had lower BIS cognitive impulsivity and unplanned impulsivity scores ［（29.84±7.84） vs. （34.02±8.08）， （27.64±8.94） vs. （31.93±8.54）］， FAD total functioning factor scores ［（28.59±3.14） vs. （29.96±3.15）］， and s-EMBU emotional warmth subscale paternal and maternal scores ［（17.03±5.80） vs. （19.18±5.07）， and （18.33±5.52） vs. （20.33±4.73）］， and the differences were statistically significant （t=-2.902，-2.682，-2.385， -2.082，-2.083； P＜0.05）. Binomial Logistic regression showed that positive family history ［OR=3.061， 95%CI （1.086， 8.632）］， high BIS motor impulsivity factor score ［OR=1.090，95%CI （1.028，1.156）］， total FAD functional factors ［OR=0.861， 95%CI （0.749，0.990）］， and low s-EMBU emotional warmth-paternal score ［OR=0.914， 95%CI （0.84， 0.987）］ were influencing factors for self-injury suicide behavior in adolescents with mood disorders， and the differences were statistically significant （all P＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Adolescents with positive family history， impulsive personalities， fathers with poor emotional acceptance and support for their children， and poor family function may be prone to self-injury suicide behavior.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the predictive value of apolipoprotein B （ApoB） for intracranial arterial stenosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction （ACI）. Methods Clinical data of 391 patients with ACI in the Department of Neurology， Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital， from August 1， 2021 to December 1， 2023 were retrospectively collected. Patients were categorized according to the degree of intracranial artery stenosis into mild stenosis group （n=223）， moderate stenosis group （n=89）， and severe stenosis group （n=79）. Factors influencing the degree of intracranial arterial stenosis were analyzed using ordered and binary Logistic regression. The assessment of model predictive efficacy was performed by building model nomogram， plotting receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， calibration curve， clinical impact curve （CIC）， and decision curve analysis （DCA）. Net reclassification index （NRI） and integrated discrimination improvement index （IDI） were used for the comparison of different predictive models. Results There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of hypertension， diabetes mellitus， hyperlipidemia， as well as the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol， total cholesterol， triglyceride， ApoA1， and ApoB among the patients in the mild， moderate， and severe stenosis groups （all P ＜ 0.05）. Ordered multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that ApoB was an independent risk factor for increased intracranial arterial stenosis in ACI patients ［OR=10.350， 95%CI （3.466，30.939），P ＜ 0.001］. Binary multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that ApoB was independently associated with moderate stenosis ［OR=8.236， 95%CI （2.378，28.528）， P＜ 0.001） and severe stenosis ［OR=7.702， 95%CI （2.122， 28.633）， P＜ 0.05］， respectively. The concomitant rates of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol， total cholesterol， triglyceride， and ApoB levels of patients in moderate and severe stenosis group were higher than those in mild stenosis group， and the differences were all statistically significant （all P＜0.001）. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ApoB was an independent risk factor for moderate and severe stenosis of intracranial arteries in patients with ACI ［OR=21.417， 95%CI （6.052，73.887）， P ＜ 0.001］. ApoB was introduced into the traditional model to plot the nomogram of the new model. ROC curve showed that the predictive value of the new model （AUC=0.702， sensitivity=47.60%， specificity=87.00%） was better than that of the traditional model （AUC=0.660， sensitivity=45.80%， specificity=82.10%）. Calibration curves suggested that the predictive calibration curves of the two predictive models were in good agreement with the standard curve. DCA and CIC curves indicated that the net clinical yield of the new model was better than that of the traditional model. NRI and IDI of the new model were improved compared to the traditional model （NRI=0.455， P＜ 0.001； IDI=0.060， P＜ 0.001）. Conclusions ApoB may serve as a predictor of intracranial arterial stenosis in patients with ACI and provide a basis for early disease assessment in patients with ACI.

Abstract:The acute stress response is a transient adaptive response of an organism to a sudden environmental stress， aimed at rebuilding physiological and behavioral homeostasis. It often appears immediately after the event and can subside rapidly within hours to days. Acute stress acts on the physiological， psychological， and behavioral aspects of the organism and is associated with an increased risk for a variety of psychological disorders （such as anxiety disorders）. Studies in mouse models play a key role in unraveling the mechanisms underlying the acute stress-related diseases. This paper compiles and reviews the literature on the effects of acute stress on neurobehavior and its related biological mechanisms in mice in recent years， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention of acute stress.

Abstract:Postherpetic neuralgia is the most common complication of herpes zoster， with a high incidence and long duration of illness， often accompanied by emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression， which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The selection of appropriate tools to quantitatively assess anxiety and depression-related emotional disorders in patients in clinical settings is of great importance. This paper reviews current assessment tools related to anxiety and depression applied to postherpetic neuralgia patients from the aspects of assessment content， advantages， limitations， differences and intrinsic connections， aiming to improve the accuracy and validity of clinical assessment， and to provide reference for the management of negative emotions and the implementation of clinical decision-making.

Abstract:Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a neurological disorder that poses a serious threat to the health of the elderly population， with the incidence increasing every year and no cure available. It is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on the pathogenic causative mechanisms and to seek preventive and curative strategies. Neuroinflammation is considered to be an important pathological feature and cause of AD， and microRNAs （miRNAs） can affect upstream， midstream， and downstream factors associated with the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） signaling pathway to regulate the level of neuroinflammation in the body. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs as well as the TLR4 signaling pathway play important roles in neuroinflammation， and several specific miRNAs， including miR-34a-5p， miR-107-5p， and miR-146a， can target the TLR4 signaling pathway and participate in neuroinflammatory injury in AD. This paper focuses on how miRNAs affect neuroinflammatory injury in AD by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway， and summarizes the Chinese and Western medicine treatment pathways targeting this signaling pathway， with a view to providing new ideas for AD prevention and treatment.